1. Which of the following is part of the innate immune system?
- a) T cells
- b) Antibodies
- c) Phagocytes
- d) B cells
Answer: c) Phagocytes
2. What is the primary function of the adaptive immune system?
- a) First line of defense against pathogens
- b) Provide nonspecific immunity
- c) Recognize and attack specific pathogens
- d) Produce physical barriers like skin
Answer: c) Recognize and attack specific pathogens
3. Which cells are responsible for the production of antibodies?
- a) Macrophages
- b) B cells
- c) T cells
- d) Natural killer cells
Answer: b) B cells
4. What is the role of memory cells in adaptive immunity?
- a) To kill infected cells
- b) To remember and respond faster to future infections
- c) To produce antigens
- d) To attack non-specific pathogens
Answer: b) To remember and respond faster to future infections
5. Which of the following is a characteristic of innate immunity?
- a) It has a delayed response
- b) It is highly specific to pathogens
- c) It includes physical barriers like skin
- d) It depends on antibodies
Answer: c) It includes physical barriers like skin
6. Which type of immunity involves the activation of T cells and B cells?
- a) Innate immunity
- b) Adaptive immunity
- c) Passive immunity
- d) Nonspecific immunity
Answer: b) Adaptive immunity
7. Which cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity?
- a) B cells
- b) Helper T cells
- c) Cytotoxic T cells
- d) Both b and c
Answer: d) Both b and c
8. Which of the following is NOT a component of the innate immune response?
- a) Inflammation
- b) Fever
- c) Antibody production
- d) Phagocytosis
Answer: c) Antibody production
9. What is the major function of helper T cells?
- a) Kill infected cells
- b) Produce antibodies
- c) Activate other immune cells like B cells and cytotoxic T cells
- d) Directly destroy pathogens
Answer: c) Activate other immune cells like B cells and cytotoxic T cells
10. What type of immunity is conferred by the vaccination?
- a) Innate immunity
- b) Passive immunity
- c) Active immunity
- d) Acquired immunity
Answer: c) Active immunity
11. Which molecule is involved in the destruction of pathogens by phagocytes?
- a) Histamine
- b) Complement proteins
- c) Antibodies
- d) Cytokines
Answer: b) Complement proteins
12. What is the main difference between innate and adaptive immunity?
- a) Adaptive immunity has a faster response
- b) Innate immunity is specific to pathogens
- c) Adaptive immunity is highly specific and has memory
- d) Innate immunity involves T cells and B cells
Answer: c) Adaptive immunity is highly specific and has memory
13. Which of the following is a feature of adaptive immunity?
- a) It is present from birth
- b) It is slower and more specific
- c) It involves physical barriers like skin
- d) It provides immediate protection
Answer: b) It is slower and more specific
14. Which is a characteristic of inflammation in the innate immune response?
- a) Decreases blood flow to infected areas
- b) Causes fever
- c) Reduces the spread of pathogens
- d) Involves production of antibodies
Answer: c) Reduces the spread of pathogens
15. What is the role of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in adaptive immunity?
- a) Help phagocytes engulf pathogens
- b) Present antigens to T cells
- c) Activate the complement system
- d) Destroy pathogens directly
Answer: b) Present antigens to T cells
16. Which type of cells are involved in humoral immunity?
- a) Helper T cells
- b) B cells
- c) Cytotoxic T cells
- d) Macrophages
Answer: b) B cells
17. Which type of immunity is involved in fighting off a viral infection for the first time?
- a) Innate immunity
- b) Adaptive immunity
- c) Passive immunity
- d) Active immunity
Answer: b) Adaptive immunity
18. What triggers the activation of adaptive immunity?
- a) Infection by a pathogen
- b) Activation of complement proteins
- c) Release of histamine
- d) Physical injury
Answer: a) Infection by a pathogen
19. Which cells are responsible for destroying infected or cancerous cells in the immune system?
- a) B cells
- b) Cytotoxic T cells
- c) Helper T cells
- d) Natural killer cells
Answer: b) Cytotoxic T cells
20. What are antibodies produced by?
- a) Helper T cells
- b) Plasma cells
- c) Macrophages
- d) Dendritic cells
Answer: b) Plasma cells
21. Which of the following is NOT part of the adaptive immune response?
- a) Antigen presentation
- b) Antibody production
- c) Phagocytosis of pathogens
- d) Memory cell formation
Answer: c) Phagocytosis of pathogens
22. What type of immunity is passed from mother to child through breast milk?
- a) Innate immunity
- b) Passive immunity
- c) Active immunity
- d) Specific immunity
Answer: b) Passive immunity
23. What is the role of macrophages in innate immunity?
- a) Produce antibodies
- b) Present antigens to T cells
- c) Digest and eliminate pathogens
- d) Activate T and B cells
Answer: c) Digest and eliminate pathogens
24. What does the term “adaptive immunity” mean?
- a) The immunity that is present from birth
- b) Immunity that adapts to specific pathogens and improves with exposure
- c) Immunity that is nonspecific and responds quickly
- d) The immunity provided by vaccines
Answer: b) Immunity that adapts to specific pathogens and improves with exposure
25. Which of the following can be recognized by both innate and adaptive immunity?
- a) Antibodies
- b) Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
- c) Memory cells
- d) Vaccines
Answer: b) Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
26. Which cytokines are involved in the regulation of immune responses?
- a) Interleukins
- b) Insulin
- c) Hemoglobin
- d) Histamines
Answer: a) Interleukins
27. What is the main function of natural killer (NK) cells?
- a) Kill pathogens directly
- b) Produce antibodies
- c) Destroy virus-infected and cancer cells
- d) Activate B cells
Answer: c) Destroy virus-infected and cancer cells
28. Which of the following is an example of active immunity?
- a) Immunity gained after receiving an antibody injection
- b) Immunity gained through natural infection
- c) Immunity gained from the placenta
- d) Immunity gained through breast milk
Answer: b) Immunity gained through natural infection
29. Which of the following is a part of the adaptive immune response?
- a) Skin barriers
- b) Complement proteins
- c) Phagocytosis
- d) Antibody production
Answer: d) Antibody production
30. What is the difference between a primary and secondary immune response?
- a) The primary response is faster than the secondary response
- b) The secondary response is faster and more robust than the primary response
- c) Both responses are equally fast
- d) The primary response involves memory cells
Answer: b) The secondary response is faster and more robust than the primary response
These questions are designed to test knowledge about both the innate and adaptive immunity, providing a broad overview of how the immune system functions.
