“Role of Endocrine Glands in Homeostasis”
- Which of the following is NOT an endocrine gland? a) Thyroid
b) Pancreas
c) Kidneys
d) Salivary glandsAnswer: d) Salivary glands
Explanation: Salivary glands are exocrine glands that release their secretion (saliva) into ducts, while endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream. - Which hormone is produced by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels? a) Insulin
b) Glucagon
c) Cortisol
d) EpinephrineAnswer: a) Insulin
Explanation: Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas and helps lower blood glucose levels by facilitating glucose uptake into cells. - Which gland is responsible for regulating metabolism and energy balance? a) Pineal gland
b) Thyroid gland
c) Pituitary gland
d) Adrenal glandAnswer: b) Thyroid gland
Explanation: The thyroid gland produces thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) which regulate metabolism, growth, and energy balance. - Which of the following hormones increases blood glucose levels? a) Insulin
b) Growth hormone
c) Glucagon
d) ProgesteroneAnswer: c) Glucagon
Explanation: Glucagon is produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas and raises blood glucose levels by promoting glycogen breakdown in the liver. - The hormone aldosterone is produced by which endocrine gland? a) Adrenal glands
b) Thyroid glands
c) Pituitary glands
d) PancreasAnswer: a) Adrenal glands
Explanation: Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex and is involved in regulating sodium and water balance, thus maintaining blood pressure. - Which hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate the release of thyroid hormones? a) Luteinizing hormone
b) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
c) Prolactin
d) OxytocinAnswer: b) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Explanation: TSH is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones T3 and T4. - Which hormone is involved in regulating the circadian rhythm? a) Cortisol
b) Melatonin
c) Insulin
d) GlucagonAnswer: b) Melatonin
Explanation: Melatonin is produced by the pineal gland and plays a key role in regulating sleep-wake cycles and the circadian rhythm. - Which of the following glands is responsible for the “fight or flight” response? a) Pancreas
b) Adrenal glands
c) Pituitary gland
d) Parathyroid glandAnswer: b) Adrenal glands
Explanation: The adrenal glands produce epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine, which are responsible for the “fight or flight” response, increasing heart rate and blood pressure. - The release of which hormone is triggered by low calcium levels in the blood? a) Calcitonin
b) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
c) Insulin
d) ThyroxineAnswer: b) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Explanation: PTH is secreted by the parathyroid glands when calcium levels in the blood are low, stimulating calcium release from bones. - Which endocrine gland is responsible for controlling the body’s growth? a) Thyroid gland
b) Adrenal gland
c) Pituitary gland
d) PancreasAnswer: c) Pituitary gland
Explanation: The pituitary gland produces growth hormone (GH), which stimulates growth and development throughout the body. - Which of the following hormones helps to regulate water balance by promoting water retention in the kidneys? a) Aldosterone
b) Vasopressin (ADH)
c) Thyroxine
d) InsulinAnswer: b) Vasopressin (ADH)
Explanation: ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary. It increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, helping to regulate water balance. - Which hormone is released by the adrenal glands to help the body respond to stress? a) Cortisol
b) Insulin
c) Melatonin
d) EstrogenAnswer: a) Cortisol
Explanation: Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. It helps manage stress by increasing glucose production and reducing inflammation. - Which gland produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels? a) Thyroid gland
b) Pancreas
c) Pituitary gland
d) Adrenal glandsAnswer: b) Pancreas
Explanation: The pancreas contains alpha cells (secreting glucagon) and beta cells (secreting insulin) to regulate blood sugar levels. - Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas to facilitate the absorption of glucose into cells? a) Cortisol
b) Glucagon
c) Insulin
d) EpinephrineAnswer: c) Insulin
Explanation: Insulin is secreted by the pancreas and helps cells take in glucose from the bloodstream, lowering blood glucose levels. - What is the main role of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)? a) Stimulate red blood cell production
b) Regulate calcium and phosphate levels
c) Control glucose metabolism
d) Stimulate growth in childrenAnswer: b) Regulate calcium and phosphate levels
Explanation: PTH increases calcium levels in the blood by promoting calcium release from bones and reducing calcium excretion in urine. - What is the effect of thyroid hormones on the body’s metabolism? a) Increase metabolism and energy production
b) Decrease metabolism and energy production
c) Regulate calcium metabolism
d) Control water balance in the kidneysAnswer: a) Increase metabolism and energy production
Explanation: Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) increase the metabolic rate, which leads to greater energy production and consumption in cells. - Which of the following hormones is produced by the adrenal medulla? a) Epinephrine
b) Thyroxine
c) Growth hormone
d) EstrogenAnswer: a) Epinephrine
Explanation: Epinephrine (adrenaline) is produced by the adrenal medulla and helps the body respond to stress by increasing heart rate and blood flow to muscles. - Which of the following is the role of insulin in homeostasis? a) Stimulate the breakdown of fats
b) Promote glucose uptake by cells
c) Increase blood glucose levels
d) Promote the production of glucose in the liverAnswer: b) Promote glucose uptake by cells
Explanation: Insulin promotes the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, thereby lowering blood sugar levels and maintaining homeostasis. - The pineal gland produces which hormone involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles? a) Serotonin
b) Oxytocin
c) Melatonin
d) ProlactinAnswer: c) Melatonin
Explanation: Melatonin, produced by the pineal gland, helps regulate circadian rhythms and sleep patterns by influencing the sleep-wake cycle. - What does the hormone cortisol primarily regulate? a) Water balance in the kidneys
b) Immune system responses
c) The body’s response to stress
d) The release of thyroid hormonesAnswer: c) The body’s response to stress
Explanation: Cortisol is a stress hormone that helps the body respond to stress by increasing blood glucose levels and suppressing inflammation. - Which of the following hormones helps the body adjust to environmental stress? a) Aldosterone
b) Progesterone
c) Cortisol
d) InsulinAnswer: c) Cortisol
Explanation: Cortisol is involved in the body’s stress response, helping to increase blood sugar and suppress inflammation during stressful situations. - What is the function of the hormone prolactin? a) Stimulate milk production
b) Regulate metabolism
c) Stimulate the release of growth hormone
d) Increase glucose productionAnswer: a) Stimulate milk production
Explanation: Prolactin, produced by the anterior pituitary gland, stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk after childbirth. - Which hormone plays a key role in regulating the menstrual cycle? a) Insulin
b) Estrogen
c) Progesterone
d) Growth hormoneAnswer: b) Estrogen
Explanation: Estrogen regulates the female reproductive system and plays a critical role in the menstrual cycle, particularly in ovulation and the development of secondary sexual characteristics. - What is the main action of the hormone oxytocin? a) Stimulate uterine contractions during childbirth
b) Increase glucose production
c) Regulate metabolism
d) Stimulate milk secretionAnswer: a) Stimulate uterine contractions during childbirth
Explanation: Oxytocin is released during labor to stimulate uterine contractions and also aids in milk ejection during breastfeeding. - Which hormone is involved in regulating blood pressure by controlling sodium retention in kidneys? a) Insulin
b) Aldosterone
c) Glucagon
d) ProgesteroneAnswer: b) Aldosterone
Explanation: Aldosterone is involved in regulating blood pressure by promoting sodium retention in the kidneys, which increases water retention and blood volume. - Which gland secretes the hormone epinephrine during stress? a) Pineal gland
b) Pituitary gland
c) Adrenal glands
d) Thyroid glandAnswer: c) Adrenal glands
Explanation: Epinephrine (adrenaline) is produced by the adrenal medulla and is released during stressful situations to prepare the body for the “fight or flight” response. - What is the primary function of the hormone glucagon? a) Lower blood sugar
b) Stimulate the release of insulin
c) Raise blood sugar
d) Regulate sodium balanceAnswer: c) Raise blood sugar
Explanation: Glucagon, released by the pancreas, raises blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose. - Which of the following is regulated by the pituitary gland? a) Heart rate
b) Growth and metabolism
c) Blood sugar levels
d) Blood pressureAnswer: b) Growth and metabolism
Explanation: The pituitary gland produces hormones such as growth hormone (GH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) that regulate growth and metabolism. - What is the role of the thyroid gland in homeostasis? a) Regulate blood sugar
b) Regulate calcium levels
c) Regulate metabolism
d) Regulate sleep-wake cyclesAnswer: c) Regulate metabolism
Explanation: The thyroid gland secretes thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), which regulate metabolism by controlling the rate at which cells produce and use energy. - Which hormone helps in the regulation of calcium levels in the blood? a) Glucagon
b) Calcitonin
c) Insulin
d) CortisolAnswer: b) Calcitonin
Explanation: Calcitonin is produced by the thyroid gland and helps regulate calcium levels in the blood by promoting the storage of calcium in bones.
