1. What is pollination in angiosperms?
a) Fusion of male and female gametes
b) Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma
c) Development of fruit from the ovary
d) Formation of seed coat
Answer: b) Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma
Explanation: Pollination is the process where pollen grains are transferred from the male anther to the female stigma, enabling fertilization.
2. Which of the following is a characteristic of self-pollination?
a) Occurs between flowers of different plants
b) Requires external agents like wind or insects
c) Occurs within the same flower or plant
d) Produces genetically diverse offspring
Answer: c) Occurs within the same flower or plant
Explanation: Self-pollination involves the transfer of pollen within the same flower or between flowers of the same plant.
3. What is cross-pollination?
a) Transfer of pollen within the same flower
b) Transfer of pollen between flowers on the same plant
c) Transfer of pollen between different plants of the same species
d) Transfer of pollen to a different species
Answer: c) Transfer of pollen between different plants of the same species
Explanation: Cross-pollination enhances genetic diversity as it involves different plants of the same species.
4. Which type of pollination is mediated by insects?
a) Anemophily
b) Entomophily
c) Hydrophily
d) Zoophily
Answer: b) Entomophily
Explanation: Entomophily refers to pollination carried out by insects such as bees, butterflies, and beetles.
5. Which flower structure is most adapted for wind pollination?
a) Bright petals
b) Fragrant sepals
c) Feathery stigmas
d) Large nectar glands
Answer: c) Feathery stigmas
Explanation: Feathery stigmas increase the surface area to capture airborne pollen during wind pollination.
6. Hydrophily is common in which type of plants?
a) Aquatic plants
b) Desert plants
c) Epiphytes
d) Grassland plants
Answer: a) Aquatic plants
Explanation: Hydrophily occurs in aquatic plants where water acts as the medium for pollen transfer.
7. Which of the following is not an agent of pollination?
a) Wind
b) Water
c) Soil
d) Animals
Answer: c) Soil
Explanation: Pollination agents include wind, water, and animals, but soil does not facilitate pollen transfer.
8. What is the term for pollination by bats?
a) Anemophily
b) Ornithophily
c) Chiropterophily
d) Hydrophily
Answer: c) Chiropterophily
Explanation: Chiropterophily refers to pollination by bats, common in large, nocturnal flowers.
9. Which of the following flowers is an example of wind pollination?
a) Lotus
b) Maize
c) Rose
d) Mango
Answer: b) Maize
Explanation: Maize is a typical example of anemophily (wind pollination) with exposed stamens and feathery stigmas.
10. Why do insect-pollinated flowers often have bright colors?
a) To repel predators
b) To attract insects for pollination
c) To store nutrients
d) To perform photosynthesis
Answer: b) To attract insects for pollination
Explanation: Bright colors attract insects, facilitating the transfer of pollen.
11. Which of the following adaptations is seen in bird-pollinated flowers?
a) Strong fragrance
b) Bright red or orange petals
c) Feathery stigmas
d) Waterproof pollen
Answer: b) Bright red or orange petals
Explanation: Bird-pollinated flowers, adapted for ornithophily, are often brightly colored to attract birds.
12. What is cleistogamy?
a) Pollination by insects
b) Self-pollination in closed flowers
c) Cross-pollination in open flowers
d) Pollination by birds
Answer: b) Self-pollination in closed flowers
Explanation: Cleistogamy is a form of self-pollination where flowers never open, ensuring self-fertilization.
13. Which plant exhibits hydrophily?
a) Vallisneria
b) Sunflower
c) Pea
d) Hibiscus
Answer: a) Vallisneria
Explanation: Vallisneria relies on water for pollen transfer, making it an example of hydrophily.
14. What term describes pollination by birds?
a) Ornithophily
b) Zoophily
c) Anemophily
d) Entomophily
Answer: a) Ornithophily
Explanation: Ornithophily is pollination facilitated by birds, especially in brightly colored flowers.
15. Which flower part produces pollen grains?
a) Stigma
b) Ovary
c) Anther
d) Petal
Answer: c) Anther
Explanation: Pollen grains are produced in the anther, which is part of the stamen.
16. Why are hydrophilous plants submerged?
a) To prevent desiccation
b) To allow pollen to float in water
c) To attract aquatic insects
d) To increase oxygen uptake
Answer: b) To allow pollen to float in water
Explanation: Submersion aids in hydrophily by allowing pollen to move with water currents.
17. Which type of pollination depends on gravity?
a) Geitonogamy
b) Autogamy
c) Orthophily
d) Anemophily
Answer: c) Orthophily
Explanation: Orthophily is a gravity-assisted type of pollination seen in some self-pollinating plants.
18. Pollination by ants is known as:
a) Anemophily
b) Myrmecophily
c) Hydrophily
d) Chiropterophily
Answer: b) Myrmecophily
Explanation: Myrmecophily is pollination by ants, observed in certain specialized plant species.
19. In which plant is pollination aided by wind?
a) Wheat
b) Orchid
c) Mango
d) Rose
Answer: a) Wheat
Explanation: Wheat is an example of anemophily, where pollen is light and dispersed by wind.
20. What is the role of nectar in pollination?
a) Nourish seeds
b) Attract pollinators
c) Facilitate photosynthesis
d) Protect the ovary
Answer: b) Attract pollinators
Explanation: Nectar serves as a food reward for pollinators, encouraging their visits to flowers.
21. Cross-pollination ensures:
a) Genetically identical offspring
b) Higher genetic diversity
c) Faster seed formation
d) Less energy consumption
Answer: b) Higher genetic diversity
Explanation: Cross-pollination promotes genetic variability, increasing adaptability and survival.
22. Pollination in grasses is:
a) Hydrophilous
b) Anemophilous
c) Zoophilous
d) Entomophilous
Answer: b) Anemophilous
Explanation: Grasses are pollinated by wind due to their light pollen and feathery stigmas.
23. Which is an example of geitonogamy?
a) Pollination within a single flower
b) Pollination between flowers on the same plant
c) Pollination between different plants
d) Pollination by wind
Answer: b) Pollination between flowers on the same plant
Explanation: Geitonogamy involves pollen transfer between flowers on the same plant, technically self-pollination.
24. Insect-pollinated flowers often have:
a) Dull colors and no scent
b) Bright colors and sweet scent
c) Small size and feathery stigmas
d) Hard and dry pollen
Answer: b) Bright colors and sweet scent
Explanation: These traits attract insects for pollination.
25. Pollination in date palms is:
a) Anemophilous
b) Hydrophilous
c) Entomophilous
d) Ornithophilous
Answer: a) Anemophilous
Explanation: Date palms rely on wind to transfer pollen due to their exposed reproductive structures.
