1. When was NATO founded?
A) 1945
B) 1947
C) 1949
D) 1955
Answer: C) 1949
Explanation: NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was founded on April 4, 1949, as a collective defense alliance among Western nations to counter Soviet influence.
2. What was the primary purpose of NATO?
A) Economic integration of Europe
B) Collective defense against aggression
C) Promote trade between nations
D) Support decolonization efforts
Answer: B) Collective defense against aggression
Explanation: NATO was created as a military alliance to provide mutual defense against potential aggression, especially from the Soviet Union.
3. Which of these was NOT a founding member of NATO?
A) France
B) Italy
C) West Germany
D) United Kingdom
Answer: C) West Germany
Explanation: West Germany joined NATO in 1955, six years after the organization was founded.
4. What was the Soviet counterpart to NATO?
A) Warsaw Pact
B) Cominform
C) COMECON
D) Eastern Bloc Treaty
Answer: A) Warsaw Pact
Explanation: The Warsaw Pact, established in 1955, was the Soviet-led military alliance to counterbalance NATO.
5. Which event prompted the formation of the Warsaw Pact?
A) Berlin Blockade
B) Formation of NATO
C) Re-arming of West Germany
D) Cuban Missile Crisis
Answer: C) Re-arming of West Germany
Explanation: The Warsaw Pact was created after West Germany joined NATO in 1955, as the USSR sought to consolidate its Eastern Bloc allies.
6. How many original members did NATO have?
A) 10
B) 12
C) 14
D) 16
Answer: B) 12
Explanation: NATO initially consisted of 12 founding members, including the US, UK, Canada, and several Western European nations.
7. Which article of NATO’s treaty specifies collective defense?
A) Article 1
B) Article 3
C) Article 5
D) Article 7
Answer: C) Article 5
Explanation: Article 5 commits NATO members to consider an attack on one member as an attack on all, a key principle of the alliance.
8. Which country was expelled from the Warsaw Pact in 1968?
A) Albania
B) Czechoslovakia
C) Hungary
D) East Germany
Answer: A) Albania
Explanation: Albania distanced itself from the USSR in the 1960s and formally left the Warsaw Pact in 1968 due to ideological differences.
9. What was the primary goal of the Warsaw Pact?
A) Promote economic growth
B) Counter NATO\u2019s influence
C) Establish trade agreements
D) Create cultural exchange programs
Answer: B) Counter NATO\u2019s influence
Explanation: The Warsaw Pact served as a collective defense mechanism for the Soviet Union and its satellite states to oppose NATO.
10. When did the Warsaw Pact officially dissolve?
A) 1989
B) 1990
C) 1991
D) 1992
Answer: C) 1991
Explanation: The Warsaw Pact was officially dissolved on July 1, 1991, following the collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe.
11. Which country was NOT a Warsaw Pact member?
A) Romania
B) Poland
C) Yugoslavia
D) Hungary
Answer: C) Yugoslavia
Explanation: Yugoslavia pursued a non-aligned policy and was not part of the Warsaw Pact, despite being a socialist state.
12. What doctrine justified Soviet intervention in Warsaw Pact states?
A) Brezhnev Doctrine
B) Truman Doctrine
C) Eisenhower Doctrine
D) Monroe Doctrine
Answer: A) Brezhnev Doctrine
Explanation: The Brezhnev Doctrine justified Soviet intervention in Warsaw Pact countries to maintain communist rule.
13. Which NATO member was invaded by the Warsaw Pact in 1968?
A) Hungary
B) Poland
C) Czechoslovakia
D) East Germany
Answer: C) Czechoslovakia
Explanation: In 1968, Warsaw Pact forces invaded Czechoslovakia to suppress the Prague Spring reforms.
14. When did West Germany join NATO?
A) 1949
B) 1955
C) 1961
D) 1973
Answer: B) 1955
Explanation: West Germany joined NATO in 1955, leading to increased Cold War tensions and the formation of the Warsaw Pact.
15. Which NATO operation was its first major military intervention?
A) Gulf War
B) Kosovo intervention
C) Operation Desert Storm
D) Korean War
Answer: B) Kosovo intervention
Explanation: NATO\u2019s first major military intervention occurred during the Kosovo War in 1999, addressing humanitarian crises and regional stability.
