1. What is the primary function of neurotransmitters?
a) To provide nutrients to neurons
b) To transmit signals across synapses
c) To protect neurons from damage
d) To regulate the blood-brain barrier
Answer: b) To transmit signals across synapses
2. Which of the following is a common neurotransmitter in the central nervous system?
a) Insulin
b) Acetylcholine
c) Glucagon
d) Prolactin
Answer: b) Acetylcholine
3. Which neurotransmitter is associated with the “fight or flight” response?
a) Serotonin
b) Dopamine
c) Norepinephrine
d) Glutamate
Answer: c) Norepinephrine
4. Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in mood regulation and is often linked to depression?
a) GABA
b) Serotonin
c) Acetylcholine
d) Glutamate
Answer: b) Serotonin
5. What is the role of dopamine in the brain?
a) It helps in regulating pain
b) It controls mood, attention, and reward
c) It decreases inflammation
d) It helps in digestion
Answer: b) It controls mood, attention, and reward
6. Which neurotransmitter is primarily inhibitory in the central nervous system?
a) Glutamate
b) GABA
c) Acetylcholine
d) Serotonin
Answer: b) GABA
7. What does glutamate primarily do in the brain?
a) Stimulates nerve growth
b) Acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter
c) Acts as the main excitatory neurotransmitter
d) Regulates sleep cycles
Answer: c) Acts as the main excitatory neurotransmitter
8. What is the effect of acetylcholine on muscle contraction?
a) It inhibits muscle contraction
b) It has no effect on muscle contraction
c) It stimulates muscle contraction
d) It induces muscle relaxation
Answer: c) It stimulates muscle contraction
9. Which neurotransmitter is involved in the regulation of sleep and wake cycles?
a) Norepinephrine
b) Dopamine
c) Serotonin
d) Acetylcholine
Answer: c) Serotonin
10. Which of the following neurotransmitters is produced in the adrenal glands and is associated with stress response?
a) Dopamine
b) Norepinephrine
c) Endorphins
d) GABA
Answer: b) Norepinephrine
11. What is the effect of endorphins on the body?
a) They reduce pain and induce feelings of pleasure
b) They increase heart rate
c) They regulate insulin production
d) They increase muscle mass
Answer: a) They reduce pain and induce feelings of pleasure
12. Which neurotransmitter is most directly associated with memory and learning?
a) Serotonin
b) Glutamate
c) Dopamine
d) GABA
Answer: b) Glutamate
13. The release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron is triggered by:
a) An action potential
b) A resting potential
c) A synaptic potential
d) A postsynaptic potential
Answer: a) An action potential
14. What is the function of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase?
a) It synthesizes acetylcholine
b) It degrades acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft
c) It inhibits neurotransmitter release
d) It blocks receptor sites
Answer: b) It degrades acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft
15. Which neurotransmitter is deficient in Parkinson’s disease?
a) Serotonin
b) Norepinephrine
c) Dopamine
d) Glutamate
Answer: c) Dopamine
16. Which neurotransmitter plays a significant role in regulating anxiety and stress?
a) Norepinephrine
b) Acetylcholine
c) Glutamate
d) GABA
Answer: d) GABA
17. What is the role of serotonin in the central nervous system?
a) It stimulates appetite and sleep
b) It regulates heart rate
c) It controls muscle contraction
d) It inhibits pain sensations
Answer: a) It stimulates appetite and sleep
18. Which neurotransmitter is involved in the reward system and is linked to addiction?
a) Acetylcholine
b) Dopamine
c) GABA
d) Serotonin
Answer: b) Dopamine
19. The action of neurotransmitters is terminated by which of the following processes?
a) Reuptake, degradation, and diffusion
b) Inhibition of receptors
c) Deactivation by voltage-gated channels
d) Reversal of the action potential
Answer: a) Reuptake, degradation, and diffusion
20. What neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to initiate muscle contraction?
a) Dopamine
b) Serotonin
c) Acetylcholine
d) Norepinephrine
Answer: c) Acetylcholine
21. Which of the following is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?
a) GABA
b) Glutamate
c) Serotonin
d) Dopamine
Answer: b) Glutamate
22. Which neurotransmitter is involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle and mood?
a) Norepinephrine
b) Serotonin
c) Glutamate
d) Acetylcholine
Answer: b) Serotonin
23. Which neurotransmitter is known as the “feel-good” chemical in the brain?
a) Dopamine
b) Acetylcholine
c) GABA
d) Endorphins
Answer: d) Endorphins
24. The reuptake of neurotransmitters occurs in the:
a) Axon terminal of the postsynaptic neuron
b) Synaptic vesicles
c) Synaptic cleft
d) Presynaptic neuron
Answer: d) Presynaptic neuron
25. Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily involved in mood disorders like depression?
a) Norepinephrine
b) Dopamine
c) Serotonin
d) Glutamate
Answer: c) Serotonin
26. Which neurotransmitter is associated with the regulation of movement and motor control?
a) Acetylcholine
b) Dopamine
c) Norepinephrine
d) GABA
Answer: b) Dopamine
27. Inhibition of neurotransmitter release can be caused by which of the following?
a) Increased calcium ion influx
b) Activation of postsynaptic receptors
c) Blocking of ion channels on the presynaptic membrane
d) Decreased membrane potential in the presynaptic neuron
Answer: c) Blocking of ion channels on the presynaptic membrane
28. Which neurotransmitter is most directly involved in learning and synaptic plasticity?
a) Glutamate
b) GABA
c) Dopamine
d) Serotonin
Answer: a) Glutamate
29. Which neurotransmitter is released in response to pain and stress and has a “natural painkiller” effect?
a) Dopamine
b) Endorphins
c) Norepinephrine
d) Glutamate
Answer: b) Endorphins
30. Which of the following neurotransmitters can have both excitatory and inhibitory effects depending on the receptor?
a) Acetylcholine
b) Glutamate
c) Dopamine
d) Serotonin
Answer: a) Acetylcholine
