1. Which of the following is the first step in the process of fertilization in animals?
a) Fusion of gametes
b) Sperm penetration
c) Formation of the zygote
d) Gamete recognition and binding
Answer: d) Gamete recognition and binding
2. In plants, fertilization occurs in which part of the flower?
a) Petal
b) Stigma
c) Ovule
d) Anther
Answer: c) Ovule
3. What is the name of the cell formed after the sperm fertilizes the egg in animals?
a) Zygote
b) Embryo
c) Blastula
d) Morula
Answer: a) Zygote
4. The fusion of male and female gametes during fertilization is called?
a) Conjugation
b) Syngamy
c) Binary fission
d) Budding
Answer: b) Syngamy
5. In plants, the male gamete is carried by which of the following?
a) Pollen grain
b) Ovule
c) Seed
d) Stigma
Answer: a) Pollen grain
6. In external fertilization, where does fertilization take place?
a) Inside the body of the female
b) In water or outside the body
c) Inside the sperm
d) On the surface of the egg
Answer: b) In water or outside the body
7. In animals, what role does the acrosome play in fertilization?
a) It aids in sperm motility
b) It contains enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the egg
c) It stores the genetic material
d) It helps in egg production
Answer: b) It contains enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the egg
8. The process in which the sperm and egg nuclei fuse is called?
a) Karyogamy
b) Plasmogamy
c) Cleavage
d) Cytokinesis
Answer: a) Karyogamy
9. Which of the following animals exhibits internal fertilization?
a) Fish
b) Frogs
c) Birds
d) Jellyfish
Answer: c) Birds
10. What is the function of the zona pellucida in mammals?
a) It is the outer layer of the sperm
b) It prevents polyspermy
c) It helps the sperm move
d) It protects the zygote
Answer: b) It prevents polyspermy
11. The structure formed after fertilization in plants that develops into a seed is called?
a) Zygote
b) Embryo
c) Endosperm
d) Ovule
Answer: b) Embryo
12. What is the term for fertilization that occurs outside the female body in amphibians and fish?
a) External fertilization
b) Internal fertilization
c) External pollination
d) Parthenogenesis
Answer: a) External fertilization
13. In plant fertilization, which process leads to the formation of a seed?
a) Pollination
b) Germination
c) Fertilization
d) Meiosis
Answer: c) Fertilization
14. In which part of the human female reproductive system does fertilization typically occur?
a) Ovaries
b) Uterus
c) Fallopian tubes
d) Cervix
Answer: c) Fallopian tubes
15. What is polyspermy in the context of fertilization?
a) Fertilization by multiple eggs
b) Fusion of two sperm with one egg
c) Fusion of one sperm with multiple eggs
d) The absence of fertilization
Answer: b) Fusion of two sperm with one egg
16. What does the egg release to prevent polyspermy after fertilization?
a) Cortical granules
b) Zygote
c) Pollen tube
d) Ooplasm
Answer: a) Cortical granules
17. The process where pollen from one flower fertilizes the ovule of a different flower is called?
a) Self-pollination
b) Cross-pollination
c) Fertilization
d) Meiosis
Answer: b) Cross-pollination
18. Which of the following is a key feature of internal fertilization?
a) The eggs are fertilized outside the body
b) The gametes meet in a moist external environment
c) The male places sperm directly inside the female’s body
d) Eggs are released into water
Answer: c) The male places sperm directly inside the female’s body
19. In human fertilization, which hormone is responsible for ovulation and preparing the uterus for implantation?
a) Progesterone
b) Estrogen
c) Luteinizing hormone
d) Testosterone
Answer: a) Progesterone
20. What structure protects the embryo in plant fertilization?
a) Cotyledons
b) Seed coat
c) Ovary
d) Pollen tube
Answer: b) Seed coat
21. In plants, fertilization involves the fusion of which two cells?
a) Egg and sperm
b) Pollen grain and ovule
c) Pollen tube and ovule
d) Ovule and anther
Answer: c) Pollen tube and ovule
22. In the case of external fertilization, how does the environment affect fertilization success?
a) It allows gametes to meet in water or air
b) It increases the likelihood of polyspermy
c) It does not affect fertilization
d) It prevents gamete fusion
Answer: a) It allows gametes to meet in water or air
23. In sea urchins, the process by which the sperm and egg fuse is facilitated by?
a) Sperm tail movement
b) Acrosomal reaction
c) Cortical granules
d) Placenta
Answer: b) Acrosomal reaction
24. In flowering plants, after fertilization, the ovule becomes the?
a) Pollen
b) Seed
c) Fruit
d) Embryo
Answer: b) Seed
25. In external fertilization, what must be present for successful gamete fusion?
a) A moist environment
b) A warm environment
c) A dry surface
d) Oxygen
Answer: a) A moist environment
26. Which event happens first in plant fertilization?
a) Pollen tube formation
b) Sperm cell enters the ovule
c) Pollination
d) Seed formation
Answer: c) Pollination
27. The formation of a zygote in animals is a result of?
a) Sperm and egg fusion
b) Embryo development
c) Oogenesis
d) Cleavage division
Answer: a) Sperm and egg fusion
28. Which of the following is NOT a type of fertilization mechanism in animals?
a) External fertilization
b) Internal fertilization
c) Asexual fertilization
d) Ovoviviparous fertilization
Answer: c) Asexual fertilization
29. What is the primary function of the sperm’s tail?
a) To contain genetic material
b) To provide energy
c) To propel the sperm towards the egg
d) To aid in the fusion of gametes
Answer: c) To propel the sperm towards the egg
30. In plants, what occurs after the fertilization of the egg?
a) Seed coat formation
b) Pollen tube elongation
c) The embryo begins to divide
d) Fruit formation
Answer: a) Seed coat formation
These MCQs cover various aspects of fertilization mechanisms in plants and animals.
