Evolutionary Biology

Fundamentals of Evolutionary Biology

1. Introduction to Evolutionary Biology: Concepts, Importance, and History
2. Theories of Evolution: Lamarckism vs. Darwinism vs. Neo-Darwinism
3. Evidence of Evolution: Fossils, Comparative Anatomy, and Molecular Biology
4. Natural Selection: Mechanism, Examples, and Modern Perspectives
5. Adaptation and Survival: How Organisms Evolve to Their Environment

Genetics and Evolution

6. Role of Genetic Variation in Evolution: Mutations, Recombination, and Gene Flow
7. Hardy-Weinberg Principle: Genetic Equilibrium and Its Applications
8. Speciation: Types, Mechanisms, and Examples in Nature
9. Molecular Evolution: DNA, RNA, and Protein Changes Over Time
10. Co-evolution: Interaction Between Species and Evolutionary Impact

Evolutionary Mechanisms and Patterns

11. Microevolution vs. Macroevolution: Key Differences and Processes
12. Convergent and Divergent Evolution: Mechanisms and Examples
13. Punctuated Equilibrium vs. Gradualism: Understanding Evolutionary Rates
14. Adaptive Radiation: How Species Diversify from a Common Ancestor
15. Genetic Drift and Founder Effect: Role in Population Evolution

Human Evolution and Primate Biology

16. Evolution of Primates: Key Fossils and Ancestral Links
17. Hominid Evolution: From Australopithecus to Homo sapiens
18. Brain Evolution in Humans: Cognitive Development and Intelligence
19. Cultural Evolution: How Human Societies Have Transformed Over Time
20. The Role of Artificial Selection in Human Evolution

Advanced Topics in Evolutionary Biology

21. Evolution of Resistance: Antibiotic, Pesticide, and Drug Resistance
22. Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo-Devo): The Genetic Basis of Morphological Changes
23. Extinction and Evolution: How Mass Extinctions Shape Biodiversity
24. Climate Change and Evolution: Impact on Species and Ecosystems
25. Future of Evolution: How Technology and Artificial Intelligence May Influence Evolutionary Processes