1. Which of the following is NOT a basic emotion, according to Paul Ekman?
a) Happiness
b) Sadness
c) Surprise
d) Motivation
Answer: d) Motivation
Explanation: Paul Ekman identified six basic emotions: happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust. Motivation is not classified as an emotion but as a driving force behind actions.
2. The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that:
a) Emotions cause physiological changes.
b) Physiological changes cause emotions.
c) Emotions and physiological changes occur simultaneously.
d) Emotions are unrelated to physiological changes.
Answer: b) Physiological changes cause emotions.
Explanation: According to the James-Lange theory, emotions are the result of interpreting physiological responses to stimuli (e.g., feeling afraid after noticing a racing heartbeat).
3. Which brain structure plays a key role in processing emotions like fear?
a) Hippocampus
b) Amygdala
c) Cerebellum
d) Hypothalamus
Answer: b) Amygdala
Explanation: The amygdala is involved in processing emotions, especially fear and threat-related stimuli, making it essential for emotional reactions.
4. What is the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion?
a) Emotions follow physiological responses.
b) Emotions and physiological responses occur simultaneously.
c) Emotions are cognitive interpretations of arousal.
d) Emotions arise from social context.
Answer: b) Emotions and physiological responses occur simultaneously.
Explanation: Cannon-Bard theory posits that emotional experiences and physiological reactions occur at the same time, independently of each other.
5. Emotional intelligence involves:
a) Recognizing, understanding, and managing emotions.
b) Suppressing all emotional responses.
c) Focusing solely on cognitive abilities.
d) Avoiding emotions in decision-making.
Answer: a) Recognizing, understanding, and managing emotions.
Explanation: Emotional intelligence includes the ability to perceive, regulate, and effectively use emotions in oneself and others.
6. Which psychologist is most associated with the concept of emotional intelligence?
a) Howard Gardner
b) Daniel Goleman
c) Paul Ekman
d) Sigmund Freud
Answer: b) Daniel Goleman
Explanation: Daniel Goleman popularized the concept of emotional intelligence, emphasizing its importance in personal and professional success.
7. What is an emotion regulation strategy that involves changing how one interprets a situation?
a) Suppression
b) Reappraisal
c) Avoidance
d) Displacement
Answer: b) Reappraisal
Explanation: Reappraisal involves altering one\u2019s perception of a situation to change its emotional impact, such as viewing a challenge as an opportunity.
8. The Schachter-Singer theory emphasizes the importance of:
a) Physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation.
b) Brain structures and hormonal responses.
c) External stimuli and immediate reactions.
d) Social norms in shaping emotions.
Answer: a) Physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation.
Explanation: Schachter-Singer\u2019s two-factor theory states that emotions arise from physiological arousal combined with a cognitive label or interpretation.
9. Which emotion is most closely linked to the “fight-or-flight” response?
a) Happiness
b) Fear
c) Sadness
d) Disgust
Answer: b) Fear
Explanation: Fear triggers the “fight-or-flight” response, preparing the body to deal with threats by increasing heart rate and adrenaline levels.
10. The term “affective forecasting” refers to:
a) Predicting how one will feel in the future.
b) Understanding past emotional experiences.
c) Suppressing future emotional reactions.
d) Avoiding emotional triggers.
Answer: a) Predicting how one will feel in the future.
Explanation: Affective forecasting is the process of predicting future emotional reactions, often overestimating or underestimating their intensity.
11. What does the facial feedback hypothesis propose?
a) Facial expressions influence emotional experiences.
b) Emotions have no relation to facial expressions.
c) Facial expressions are solely cultural constructs.
d) Emotions determine facial expressions.
Answer: a) Facial expressions influence emotional experiences.
Explanation: The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that smiling can enhance feelings of happiness, and frowning can intensify sadness.
12. Which emotion is considered self-conscious?
a) Joy
b) Shame
c) Surprise
d) Fear
Answer: b) Shame
Explanation: Self-conscious emotions, such as shame, guilt, and embarrassment, arise from self-reflection and social evaluation.
13. What is alexithymia?
a) A heightened ability to detect emotions.
b) Difficulty identifying and describing emotions.
c) Complete absence of emotional responses.
d) Excessive emotional sensitivity.
Answer: b) Difficulty identifying and describing emotions.
Explanation: Alexithymia refers to a condition where individuals struggle to understand and express their emotional states.
14. Which emotion is most likely to facilitate social bonding?
a) Anger
b) Gratitude
c) Fear
d) Sadness
Answer: b) Gratitude
Explanation: Gratitude fosters positive interactions and strengthens social connections by promoting feelings of appreciation and reciprocity.
15. What is the “broaden-and-build” theory of positive emotions?
a) Positive emotions lead to immediate rewards.
b) Positive emotions enhance thinking and build resources.
c) Positive emotions reduce stress immediately.
d) Positive emotions are irrelevant to survival.
Answer: b) Positive emotions enhance thinking and build resources.
Explanation: The “broaden-and-build” theory by Barbara Fredrickson suggests positive emotions expand cognitive abilities and develop lasting resources.
16. Emotional contagion refers to:
a) Sharing emotions deliberately.
b) Spreading emotions unconsciously.
c) Suppressing shared emotions.
d) Avoiding shared emotional experiences.
Answer: b) Spreading emotions unconsciously.
Explanation: Emotional contagion is the phenomenon where people mimic and adopt the emotions of those around them, often unconsciously.
17. Which term describes the ability to recover quickly from emotional setbacks?
a) Resilience
b) Suppression
c) Persistence
d) Avoidance
Answer: a) Resilience
Explanation: Resilience is the capacity to bounce back from negative emotional experiences and maintain psychological well-being.
18. Emotions are most closely tied to which nervous system?
a) Peripheral Nervous System
b) Central Nervous System
c) Autonomic Nervous System
d) Somatic Nervous System
Answer: c) Autonomic Nervous System
Explanation: The autonomic nervous system, particularly its sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, regulates emotional responses like arousal and relaxation.
19. Which cultural model highlights emotional suppression as a norm?
a) Individualistic cultures
b) Collectivist cultures
c) Egalitarian cultures
d) Hierarchical cultures
Answer: b) Collectivist cultures
Explanation: Collectivist cultures, such as those in East Asia, often value emotional restraint to maintain group harmony and social cohesion.
20. What is the primary function of emotions in evolutionary terms?
a) To provide entertainment.
b) To ensure social bonding and survival.
c) To increase cognitive complexity.
d) To avoid environmental stimuli.
Answer: b) To ensure social bonding and survival.
Explanation: Emotions evolved to help humans respond to environmental challenges, foster relationships, and ensure the survival of the species.
