1. Which of the following structures is part of the central nervous system (CNS)? a) Spinal cord
b) Nerves
c) Sensory receptors
d) Ganglia
Answer: a) Spinal cord
2. The primary function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is to: a) Transmit electrical impulses to and from the brain and spinal cord
b) Control muscle contractions
c) Coordinate involuntary movements
d) Regulate emotions
Answer: a) Transmit electrical impulses to and from the brain and spinal cord
3. Which of the following is NOT part of the central nervous system? a) Brain
b) Spinal cord
c) Nerves
d) Retinal ganglion cells
Answer: c) Nerves
4. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are divisions of the: a) Central nervous system
b) Autonomic nervous system
c) Somatic nervous system
d) Enteric nervous system
Answer: b) Autonomic nervous system
5. The main function of the somatic nervous system is to: a) Regulate involuntary actions
b) Control voluntary movements
c) Regulate heart rate
d) Control digestive functions
Answer: b) Control voluntary movements
6. Which part of the nervous system controls breathing and heart rate? a) Cerebrum
b) Medulla oblongata
c) Hypothalamus
d) Cerebellum
Answer: b) Medulla oblongata
7. The brain and spinal cord make up the: a) Peripheral nervous system
b) Central nervous system
c) Autonomic nervous system
d) Sympathetic nervous system
Answer: b) Central nervous system
8. The myelin sheath is found around axons in which division of the nervous system? a) Central nervous system only
b) Peripheral nervous system only
c) Both CNS and PNS
d) Neither CNS nor PNS
Answer: c) Both CNS and PNS
9. Which of the following is a function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)? a) Processing sensory information
b) Transmitting motor commands to muscles
c) Generating emotions
d) Producing hormones
Answer: b) Transmitting motor commands to muscles
10. The autonomic nervous system regulates: a) Voluntary muscle control
b) Involuntary body functions like heart rate and digestion
c) Sensory input
d) Reflexes
Answer: b) Involuntary body functions like heart rate and digestion
11. Which of the following types of cells form the myelin sheath in the central nervous system? a) Schwann cells
b) Oligodendrocytes
c) Astrocytes
d) Microglia
Answer: b) Oligodendrocytes
12. Which of these structures is part of the autonomic nervous system? a) Somatic motor neurons
b) Sympathetic nerves
c) Sensory neurons
d) Motor neurons of skeletal muscles
Answer: b) Sympathetic nerves
13. The blood-brain barrier is a feature of which part of the nervous system? a) Central nervous system
b) Peripheral nervous system
c) Autonomic nervous system
d) Somatic nervous system
Answer: a) Central nervous system
14. Which part of the brain is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, memory, and problem-solving? a) Cerebellum
b) Medulla oblongata
c) Cerebrum
d) Thalamus
Answer: c) Cerebrum
15. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for: a) Rest and digest functions
b) Fight or flight responses
c) Controlling skeletal muscle movements
d) Regulating emotional responses
Answer: b) Fight or flight responses
16. Which division of the nervous system is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the sensory organs to the brain? a) Central nervous system
b) Peripheral nervous system
c) Somatic nervous system
d) Autonomic nervous system
Answer: b) Peripheral nervous system
17. Which of the following is a component of the central nervous system? a) Spinal nerves
b) Ganglia
c) Brain
d) Spinal ganglion
Answer: c) Brain
18. The parasympathetic nervous system generally: a) Increases heart rate and blood pressure
b) Stimulates digestive processes
c) Prepares the body for stress
d) Increases respiration rate
Answer: b) Stimulates digestive processes
19. What is the function of the cerebellum? a) Controls memory and emotions
b) Coordinates voluntary muscle movements and balance
c) Regulates heart rate and respiration
d) Processes sensory information
Answer: b) Coordinates voluntary muscle movements and balance
20. Which of the following is responsible for carrying impulses away from the central nervous system to muscles and glands? a) Sensory neurons
b) Interneurons
c) Motor neurons
d) Glial cells
Answer: c) Motor neurons
21. The brainstem consists of which of the following structures? a) Cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus
b) Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
c) Cerebrum, corpus callosum
d) Hippocampus, amygdala
Answer: b) Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
22. Which part of the nervous system controls voluntary actions? a) Autonomic nervous system
b) Central nervous system
c) Somatic nervous system
d) Sympathetic nervous system
Answer: c) Somatic nervous system
23. Which of the following functions is associated with the parasympathetic division? a) Increased pupil dilation
b) Increased digestive activity
c) Decreased heart rate
d) Decreased blood flow to muscles
Answer: b) Increased digestive activity
24. Which type of neuron is responsible for transmitting sensory information? a) Motor neurons
b) Sensory neurons
c) Interneurons
d) Efferent neurons
Answer: b) Sensory neurons
25. The sympathetic nervous system is primarily responsible for: a) Stimulating digestion
b) Preparing the body for stress
c) Regulating voluntary muscle movements
d) Decreasing the heart rate
Answer: b) Preparing the body for stress
26. Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is true? a) The ANS controls voluntary muscle movement
b) The ANS is composed of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
c) The ANS only regulates emotions
d) The ANS is under conscious control
Answer: b) The ANS is composed of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
27. What is the role of the hypothalamus in the nervous system? a) Coordinates involuntary body functions like heart rate
b) Acts as a relay station for sensory signals
c) Regulates hormone production and maintains homeostasis
d) Coordinates voluntary muscle movements
Answer: c) Regulates hormone production and maintains homeostasis
28. Which part of the nervous system is responsible for controlling reflexes? a) Brain
b) Spinal cord
c) Sympathetic nervous system
d) Peripheral nerves
Answer: b) Spinal cord
29. Which of the following is true about the central nervous system? a) It only consists of the brain
b) It is protected by the skull and vertebral column
c) It transmits sensory signals only
d) It connects the brain to muscles directly
Answer: b) It is protected by the skull and vertebral column
30. The parasympathetic nervous system generally: a) Speeds up the heart rate
b) Slows down the digestive process
c) Calms the body and promotes rest
d) Stimulates the fight or flight response
Answer: c) Calms the body and promotes rest
These 30 MCQs cover a variety of aspects related to the central and peripheral divisions of the nervous system. They address both structure and function, making them useful for understanding how the nervous system operates.
