1. What is a stereotype?
- A. A belief about an individual based on their behavior
- B. A generalization about a group of people
- C. A form of discrimination based on race
- D. A way to eliminate bias in decision-making
Answer: B. A generalization about a group of people
Explanation: Stereotypes involve oversimplified and generalized beliefs about a group of people, often based on their race, gender, age, or other characteristics.
2. Prejudice is best defined as:
- A. An action toward others based on group membership
- B. A negative attitude toward someone based on group membership
- C. An unbiased view of a group
- D. A legal term used for discrimination in courts
Answer: B. A negative attitude toward someone based on group membership
Explanation: Prejudice refers to preconceived negative attitudes or judgments about people based on their membership in a particular group.
3. Which of the following is an example of discrimination?
- A. Assuming all people from a particular country are friendly
- B. Treating people unfairly based on their gender
- C. Having a positive opinion about a certain ethnicity
- D. Ignoring the existence of certain stereotypes
Answer: B. Treating people unfairly based on their gender
Explanation: Discrimination involves unfair or biased treatment of individuals based on their membership in a particular group, such as gender, race, or ethnicity.
4. Which of the following is an example of a stereotype?
- A. Believing all women are bad drivers
- B. Treating someone poorly because of their religion
- C. Speaking negatively about someone due to their background
- D. Giving someone a promotion based on their qualifications
Answer: A. Believing all women are bad drivers
Explanation: A stereotype is a generalized belief about a group of people, and the statement about women being bad drivers is an example of such a belief.
5. Which of the following concepts refers to treating someone unfairly due to their social group?
- A. Prejudice
- B. Stereotyping
- C. Discrimination
- D. Aggression
Answer: C. Discrimination
Explanation: Discrimination is the unfair treatment of individuals based on their social group, such as their race, gender, or other group affiliations.
6. Stereotypes can be harmful because they:
- A. Promote fairness
- B. Lead to biased judgments and actions
- C. Encourage inclusivity
- D. Lead to better decision-making
Answer: B. Lead to biased judgments and actions
Explanation: Stereotypes can lead people to make biased decisions and treat others unfairly, reinforcing negative behaviors and perpetuating discrimination.
7. Which of the following is an example of a social norm that can influence prejudice?
- A. Equal rights laws
- B. Cultural norms that favor certain ethnicities
- C. Encouraging diversity in schools
- D. Fostering empathy in workplaces
Answer: B. Cultural norms that favor certain ethnicities
Explanation: Social norms, such as cultural biases that favor one ethnic group over another, can influence prejudicial attitudes and behavior.
8. The process of learning stereotypes occurs through:
- A. Direct personal experience
- B. Observation of social cues and media
- C. Legal frameworks and policies
- D. Self-awareness and introspection
Answer: B. Observation of social cues and media
Explanation: People often learn stereotypes through media exposure, societal cues, and cultural conditioning, which contribute to the reinforcement of prejudiced beliefs.
9. In-group bias refers to:
- A. Preference for individuals who belong to different social groups
- B. Preference for individuals who belong to the same social group
- C. Avoiding interaction with anyone who is different
- D. Treating everyone equally regardless of group membership
Answer: B. Preference for individuals who belong to the same social group
Explanation: In-group bias is the tendency to favor members of one’s own social group over those in other groups.
10. A key difference between prejudice and discrimination is that:
- A. Prejudice is an attitude, while discrimination is a behavior
- B. Prejudice is illegal, while discrimination is legal
- C. Prejudice involves treating people equally, while discrimination involves unfair treatment
- D. Prejudice only applies to racial issues, while discrimination applies to all aspects of society
Answer: A. Prejudice is an attitude, while discrimination is a behavior
Explanation: Prejudice refers to biased attitudes or beliefs, while discrimination refers to actions or behaviors based on those prejudices.
11. Which of the following theories suggests that prejudice is the result of competition for limited resources?
- A. Social Identity Theory
- B. Realistic Conflict Theory
- C. Contact Hypothesis
- D. Frustration-Aggression Theory
Answer: B. Realistic Conflict Theory
Explanation: The Realistic Conflict Theory suggests that prejudice and discrimination arise when groups compete for limited resources, leading to intergroup conflict.
12. According to Social Identity Theory, people derive part of their identity from:
- A. Their personal achievements
- B. The group(s) they belong to
- C. Their economic status
- D. Their individual behaviors
Answer: B. The group(s) they belong to
Explanation: Social Identity Theory posits that individuals derive part of their identity from their membership in social groups, which can lead to in-group favoritism and out-group prejudice.
13. The term “out-group homogeneity effect” refers to the belief that:
- A. People in the in-group are more diverse than the out-group
- B. People in the out-group are all the same
- C. People from different groups are equally diverse
- D. People in the out-group are always wrong
Answer: B. People in the out-group are all the same
Explanation: The out-group homogeneity effect refers to the tendency to perceive members of other groups as being more similar to each other than they actually are.
14. Which of the following is a strategy to reduce prejudice?
- A. Avoiding interactions with out-group members
- B. Creating intergroup contact and promoting understanding
- C. Reinforcing stereotypes
- D. Encouraging isolation of minority groups
Answer: B. Creating intergroup contact and promoting understanding
Explanation: The Contact Hypothesis suggests that positive interaction between groups can reduce prejudice by increasing understanding and reducing stereotypes.
15. Discrimination in the workplace can lead to:
- A. Increased collaboration and productivity
- B. Decreased employee morale and trust
- C. Stronger team cohesion
- D. Better diversity management practices
Answer: B. Decreased employee morale and trust
Explanation: Workplace discrimination can harm employee morale, trust, and overall productivity by creating a hostile and inequitable work environment.
16. Which of the following is an example of implicit bias?
- A. Treating someone unfairly because of their ethnicity
- B. Having unconscious negative associations with a particular group
- C. Speaking out against stereotypes in society
- D. Promoting diversity and inclusion in the workplace
Answer: B. Having unconscious negative associations with a particular group
Explanation: Implicit bias refers to unconscious, automatic judgments and attitudes toward people based on their social group, often without the person being aware of these biases.
17. According to the Contact Hypothesis, prejudice can be reduced when:
- A. Groups are kept separate
- B. There is cooperation between groups with equal status
- C. One group dominates the other
- D. Contact is avoided to prevent conflict
Answer: B. There is cooperation between groups with equal status
Explanation: The Contact Hypothesis posits that intergroup contact can reduce prejudice if the groups interact on equal terms and work toward shared goals.
18. Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between stereotypes and prejudice?
- A. Stereotypes are always harmless, but prejudice leads to harm
- B. Stereotypes can contribute to the development of prejudice
- C. Stereotypes and prejudice are unrelated
- D. Prejudice only arises when stereotypes are explicitly recognized
Answer: B. Stereotypes can contribute to the development of prejudice
Explanation: Stereotypes often lead to the development of prejudiced attitudes, as they shape how individuals view others based on group membership.
19. Which type of discrimination involves denying someone equal access to resources or opportunities based on their group membership?
- A. Systemic discrimination
- B. In-group discrimination
- C. Institutional discrimination
- D. Passive discrimination
Answer: C. Institutional discrimination
Explanation: Institutional discrimination occurs when policies or practices within institutions systematically disadvantage certain groups, such as in hiring practices or law enforcement.
20. Which of the following is an effect of stereotype threat?
- A. Increased motivation to perform well
- B. Increased self-confidence
- C. Decreased performance due to fear of confirming a stereotype
- D. Greater social cohesion
Answer: C. Decreased performance due to fear of confirming a stereotype
Explanation: Stereotype threat occurs when individuals are at risk of confirming negative stereotypes about their group, which can reduce their performance in relevant tasks.
