1. Who was the first major leader to introduce the concept of Satyagraha?
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Subhas Chandra Bose
c) Mahatma Gandhi
d) Lala Lajpat Rai
Answer: c) Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi introduced the concept of Satyagraha, a non-violent method of resistance, during his struggle for social and political reform in South Africa and later in India.
2. Where did Mahatma Gandhi first employ the technique of Satyagraha?
a) India
b) England
c) South Africa
d) Burma
Answer: c) South Africa
Explanation: Gandhi first used Satyagraha in South Africa to fight for the rights of the Indian community there against discriminatory laws.
3. Which movement did Mahatma Gandhi launch after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
a) Non-Cooperation Movement
b) Quit India Movement
c) Salt March
d) Civil Disobedience Movement
Answer: a) Non-Cooperation Movement
Explanation: Following the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919, Gandhi launched the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920, urging Indians to boycott British goods and services.
4. What was the main objective of the Salt March in 1930?
a) To protest against the partition of Bengal
b) To demand independence from the British
c) To protest the salt tax imposed by the British
d) To gather support for the Quit India Movement
Answer: c) To protest the salt tax imposed by the British
Explanation: The Salt March was a non-violent protest led by Gandhi against the British monopoly on salt production and the tax on salt, which deeply affected common people.
5. In which year did Gandhi return to India from South Africa?
a) 1914
b) 1915
c) 1916
d) 1917
Answer: b) 1915
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in 1915, where he had led significant civil rights movements for the Indian community.
6. What was the title given to Mahatma Gandhi by the people of India?
a) Father of the Nation
b) The Great Soul
c) The Father of Modern India
d) The Apostle of Peace
Answer: a) Father of the Nation
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi was fondly referred to as the ‘Father of the Nation’ by the people of India due to his leadership in the struggle for independence.
7. The Rowlatt Act was passed in which year?
a) 1915
b) 1916
c) 1917
d) 1919
Answer: d) 1919
Explanation: The Rowlatt Act of 1919 gave the British government sweeping powers to arrest and detain Indians without trial, which led to widespread protests and unrest.
8. Which event led to the launch of the Non-Cooperation Movement by Gandhi?
a) Chauri Chaura incident
b) Jallianwala Bagh massacre
c) Champaran Movement
d) Khilafat Movement
Answer: b) Jallianwala Bagh massacre
Explanation: The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, where British troops killed hundreds of unarmed Indians, led Gandhi to launch the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920.
9. What was the main principle behind Gandhi’s concept of “Ahimsa”?
a) Non-violent resistance
b) Economic self-reliance
c) Political independence
d) Social equality
Answer: a) Non-violent resistance
Explanation: “Ahimsa,” meaning non-violence, was a core principle in Gandhi’s philosophy, advocating for peaceful resistance to injustice.
10. Which of the following movements was launched by Gandhi to protest against British salt laws?
a) Khilafat Movement
b) Civil Disobedience Movement
c) Quit India Movement
d) Non-Cooperation Movement
Answer: b) Civil Disobedience Movement
Explanation: The Civil Disobedience Movement was launched by Gandhi in 1930 as a protest against the British salt laws, which included the famous Salt March.
11. Who was the British Governor-General during the Quit India Movement?
a) Lord Curzon
b) Lord Mountbatten
c) Lord Irwin
d) Lord Chelmsford
Answer: c) Lord Irwin
Explanation: Lord Irwin was the British Viceroy of India during the Quit India Movement, which was launched by Gandhi in 1942 demanding immediate British withdrawal from India.
12. What was Gandhi’s primary goal in the Champaran Movement?
a) Fighting for the rights of indigo farmers
b) Providing education to poor children
c) Promoting women’s rights
d) Opposing the British salt tax
Answer: a) Fighting for the rights of indigo farmers
Explanation: The Champaran Movement of 1917 was Gandhi’s first major involvement in Indian politics, where he fought for the rights of indigo farmers who were exploited by British planters.
13. What was the result of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact in 1931?
a) The end of the Civil Disobedience Movement
b) The release of all political prisoners
c) The beginning of World War II
d) The recognition of Indian self-rule
Answer: a) The end of the Civil Disobedience Movement
Explanation: The Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed in 1931 led to the suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement, the release of political prisoners, and permission for the production of salt for personal use.
14. Where did Gandhi launch his Salt March?
a) Dandi
b) Ahmedabad
c) Delhi
d) Calcutta
Answer: a) Dandi
Explanation: Gandhi launched the Salt March from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, where he broke the salt laws by collecting salt from the sea, symbolizing defiance against British rule.
15. Which of the following is a book written by Mahatma Gandhi?
a) Hind Swaraj
b) Discovery of India
c) The Indian Struggle
d) India Wins Freedom
Answer: a) Hind Swaraj
Explanation: “Hind Swaraj” is a book written by Gandhi in 1909, in which he outlined his views on self-rule, non-violence, and the dangers of industrialization and Westernization.
16. Gandhi’s idea of “Swaraj” primarily emphasized which of the following?
a) Political freedom from the British
b) Social equality for all
c) Economic independence
d) Cultural revival
Answer: c) Economic independence
Explanation: “Swaraj” or self-rule, as envisioned by Gandhi, focused on economic independence, particularly through the promotion of indigenous industries like spinning khadi.
17. Which Indian city was the center for Gandhi’s Salt March?
a) Ahmedabad
b) Delhi
c) Dandi
d) Surat
Answer: c) Dandi
Explanation: Gandhi’s Salt March culminated at Dandi, where he defied the British monopoly on salt by making salt from seawater.
18. What was Gandhi’s stance on World War I?
a) He supported Britain’s involvement
b) He remained neutral
c) He opposed the war and called for non-cooperation
d) He wanted India to fight alongside Britain
Answer: a) He supported Britain’s involvement
Explanation: During World War I, Gandhi supported Britain’s war effort, hoping it would lead to political concessions for India, but he later became disillusioned with British promises.
19. The Chauri Chaura incident led to the suspension of which movement?
a) Non-Cooperation Movement
b) Quit India Movement
c) Civil Disobedience Movement
d) Khilafat Movement
Answer: a) Non-Cooperation Movement
Explanation: The Chauri Chaura incident, where a mob killed 22 policemen, led Gandhi to suspend the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922, as he felt the violence went against his principle of non-violence.
20. What was the main focus of Gandhi’s Salt Satyagraha?
a) To promote local industries
b) To gain support for the Indian National Congress
c) To oppose British salt taxes
d) To demand full independence for India
Answer: c) To oppose British salt taxes
Explanation: The Salt Satyagraha, or Salt March, focused on opposing the British-imposed salt taxes, a symbolic and economic form of British exploitation.
21. In which year did Gandhi first introduce the concept of ‘Satyagraha’ in India?
a) 1905
b) 1915
c) 1917
d) 1920
Answer: c) 1917
Explanation: Gandhi introduced the concept of ‘Satyagraha’ in India in 1917 during the Champaran Movement, as a method of non-violent resistance.
22. Who was the British Viceroy when Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement?
a) Lord Curzon
b) Lord Irwin
c) Lord Mountbatten
d) Lord Chelmsford
Answer: b) Lord Irwin
Explanation: Lord Irwin was the British Viceroy during the Quit India Movement of 1942, when Gandhi called for the immediate withdrawal of British rule from India.
23. Gandhi’s first major political success in India was achieved in which region?
a) Bengal
b) Punjab
c) Gujarat
d) Bihar
Answer: c) Gujarat
Explanation: Gandhi’s first major political success was in Gujarat during the Champaran and Kheda movements, where he successfully led farmers against oppressive British policies.
24. What was Gandhi’s response to the partition of Bengal in 1905?
a) He supported the decision
b) He protested against it
c) He ignored it
d) He advocated for the partition of Bengal
Answer: b) He protested against it
Explanation: Gandhi opposed the partition of Bengal in 1905, viewing it as an attempt by the British to divide and rule, creating divisions between Hindus and Muslims.
25. The concept of “Sarvodaya” was popularized by which leader?
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Sardar Patel
c) Mahatma Gandhi
d) Subhas Chandra Bose
Answer: c) Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: “Sarvodaya,” meaning the welfare of all,
was popularized by Gandhi as a philosophy for social and economic progress based on non-violence and equality.
26. Which event led to the formal launch of the Quit India Movement in 1942?
a) Cripps Mission failure
b) Salt March
c) Chauri Chaura incident
d) Jallianwala Bagh massacre
Answer: a) Cripps Mission failure
Explanation: The failure of the Cripps Mission in 1942 to secure Indian support for Britain’s war effort led Gandhi to launch the Quit India Movement, demanding the immediate withdrawal of British rule.
27. Which is the name of Gandhi’s autobiography?
a) The Story of My Experiments with Truth
b) My Life
c) The Autobiography of an Indian
d) From Darkness to Light
Answer: a) The Story of My Experiments with Truth
Explanation: Gandhi’s autobiography is titled “The Story of My Experiments with Truth,” where he reflects on his life, his struggles, and the principles he followed.
28. What was Gandhi’s slogan during the Quit India Movement?
a) Inquilab Zindabad
b) Do or Die
c) Jai Hind
d) Swaraj is my birthright
Answer: b) Do or Die
Explanation: Gandhi’s famous slogan during the Quit India Movement was “Do or Die,” urging the Indian masses to fight for independence at all costs.
29. Who was Gandhi’s close associate and the leader of the Khilafat Movement?
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
c) Subhas Chandra Bose
d) Ali Brothers
Answer: d) Ali Brothers
Explanation: The Ali Brothers, Shaukat Ali and Mohammad Ali, were close associates of Gandhi and led the Khilafat Movement alongside him.
30. Which movement did Gandhi lead to fight for the rights of cotton mill workers in Ahmedabad?
a) Ahmedabad Textile Strike
b) Kheda Satyagraha
c) Champaran Movement
d) Bardoli Satyagraha
Answer: a) Ahmedabad Textile Strike
Explanation: Gandhi led the Ahmedabad Textile Strike in 1918 to fight for the rights of cotton mill workers, focusing on the demand for higher wages and better working conditions.
