1. Which of the following is a common feature of the electron transport chain in both plants and animals?
A) ATP production
B) Glycolysis
C) Calvin cycle
D) Citric acid cycle
Answer: A) ATP production
2. In plants, where does the electron transport chain (ETC) take place?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Mitochondria
C) Chloroplasts
D) Nucleus
Answer: C) Chloroplasts
3. In animals, where does the electron transport chain (ETC) occur?
A) Nucleus
B) Cytoplasm
C) Mitochondrial inner membrane
D) Chloroplasts
Answer: C) Mitochondrial inner membrane
4. What is the main purpose of the electron transport chain in both plants and animals?
A) To produce glucose
B) To transfer high-energy electrons
C) To convert ADP to ATP
D) To synthesize proteins
Answer: B) To transfer high-energy electrons
5. In which process is oxygen utilized in both plants and animals?
A) Glycolysis
B) Citric acid cycle
C) Electron transport chain
D) Fermentation
Answer: C) Electron transport chain
6. Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain in both plants and animals?
A) NAD+
B) Oxygen
C) FAD
D) Glucose
Answer: B) Oxygen
7. The proton gradient created in the electron transport chain is used to drive which process in both plants and animals?
A) DNA replication
B) ATP synthesis
C) Photosynthesis
D) Cellular division
Answer: B) ATP synthesis
8. Which of the following is involved in the electron transport chain in plant cells?
A) Mitochondria
B) Chlorophyll
C) Chloroplast thylakoid membrane
D) Both B and C
Answer: D) Both B and C
9. In animal cells, the electron transport chain occurs in the:
A) Chloroplast
B) Cytoplasm
C) Mitochondria
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: C) Mitochondria
10. In the electron transport chain, what happens to NADH and FADH2?
A) They donate electrons
B) They are converted to glucose
C) They are produced from glucose
D) They accept electrons
Answer: A) They donate electrons
11. Which of the following is NOT a component of the electron transport chain in mitochondria?
A) NADH dehydrogenase
B) Cytochrome c oxidase
C) Photosystem II
D) Cytochrome c
Answer: C) Photosystem II
12. In plants, which component of the electron transport chain absorbs light energy to begin the process?
A) NADH
B) Chlorophyll
C) ATP synthase
D) Cytochrome c
Answer: B) Chlorophyll
13. Which of the following is NOT true about the electron transport chain in plants?
A) It occurs in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.
B) It is part of the light reactions of photosynthesis.
C) It produces ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle.
D) It uses glucose directly for energy production.
Answer: D) It uses glucose directly for energy production.
14. How many ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose via the electron transport chain in animals?
A) 2
B) 18
C) 32
D) 38
Answer: C) 32
15. Which of the following is a difference between the electron transport chain in plants and animals?
A) The electron transport chain occurs in different organelles.
B) The final electron acceptor is different.
C) Both chains produce identical amounts of ATP.
D) Both chains generate NADH.
Answer: A) The electron transport chain occurs in different organelles.
16. In both plants and animals, protons are pumped into which area during the electron transport chain?
A) Inner mitochondrial matrix
B) Thylakoid space (lumen)
C) Cytoplasm
D) Nucleus
Answer: B) Thylakoid space (lumen)
17. In plants, the electron transport chain is part of which process?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Cellular respiration
C) Glycolysis
D) Fermentation
Answer: A) Photosynthesis
18. Which of the following proteins is involved in the electron transport chain in both plants and animals?
A) ATP synthase
B) Rubisco
C) Cytochrome P450
D) Hemoglobin
Answer: A) ATP synthase
19. In animal cells, where do the electrons come from that enter the electron transport chain?
A) From oxygen
B) From glucose
C) From NADH and FADH2
D) From ATP
Answer: C) From NADH and FADH2
20. In the electron transport chain of animals, which molecule is produced by the final reduction of oxygen?
A) H2O
B) CO2
C) O2
D) NADH
Answer: A) H2O
21. Which type of energy is stored in the proton gradient generated by the electron transport chain?
A) Thermal energy
B) Chemical energy
C) Light energy
D) Electrical energy
Answer: B) Chemical energy
22. What is the primary role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
A) To produce glucose
B) To produce oxygen
C) To generate a proton gradient for ATP synthesis
D) To transport electrons to the cytoplasm
Answer: C) To generate a proton gradient for ATP synthesis
23. What is the net result of the electron transport chain in plants?
A) Production of glucose
B) Production of NADPH and ATP for the Calvin cycle
C) Production of oxygen
D) Breakdown of glucose
Answer: B) Production of NADPH and ATP for the Calvin cycle
24. In animals, how many molecules of NADH are produced for every molecule of glucose in the citric acid cycle?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 6
Answer: B) 2
25. Which of the following is true about the electron transport chain in mitochondria?
A) It occurs in the outer mitochondrial membrane.
B) It produces ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
C) It generates glucose for cellular functions.
D) It uses light energy for electron transport.
Answer: B) It produces ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
26. In the electron transport chain in animals, what is pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane to create the proton gradient?
A) Water
B) Electrons
C) Protons (H+)
D) Glucose
Answer: C) Protons (H+)
27. In plants, the electron transport chain contributes to the generation of which molecules needed for the Calvin cycle?
A) Oxygen and glucose
B) NADPH and ATP
C) NADH and CO2
D) ATP and water
Answer: B) NADPH and ATP
28. In which compartment of the chloroplast does the electron transport chain generate the proton gradient?
A) Thylakoid lumen
B) Stroma
C) Outer membrane
D) Matrix
Answer: A) Thylakoid lumen
29. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for synthesizing ATP using the proton gradient in both plants and animals?
A) ATP synthase
B) Amylase
C) Ligase
D) Kinase
Answer: A) ATP synthase
30. What is the main difference in the role of the electron transport chain in plants compared to animals?
A) In plants, it occurs only during the night.
B) In animals, it only occurs in muscle cells.
C) In plants, it is part of photosynthesis, while in animals, it is part of cellular respiration.
D) In animals, it produces glucose, while in plants, it produces oxygen.
Answer: C) In plants, it is part of photosynthesis, while in animals, it is part of cellular respiration.
