1. Which of the following animals is oviparous?
    a) Human
    b) Frog
    c) Dolphin
    d) Whale
    Answer: b) Frog
  2. Viviparous animals are characterized by:
    a) Laying eggs
    b) Giving live birth
    c) External fertilization
    d) Asexual reproduction
    Answer: b) Giving live birth
  3. What is a common feature of oviparous animals?
    a) Internal fertilization
    b) Direct development
    c) Egg-laying
    d) No parental care
    Answer: c) Egg-laying
  4. Which of these is an example of a viviparous mammal?
    a) Platypus
    b) Kangaroo
    c) Crocodile
    d) Penguin
    Answer: b) Kangaroo
  5. Oviparity is most commonly observed in:
    a) Mammals
    b) Reptiles
    c) Amphibians
    d) Birds
    Answer: d) Birds
  6. Viviparous animals nourish their young through:
    a) Yolk sacs
    b) Placenta
    c) External food sources
    d) Albumen
    Answer: b) Placenta
  7. Which animal is an exception to viviparity in mammals?
    a) Platypus
    b) Kangaroo
    c) Elephant
    d) Dolphin
    Answer: a) Platypus
  8. In which reproductive strategy does external fertilization usually occur?
    a) Viviparity
    b) Oviparity
    c) Asexual reproduction
    d) Internal fertilization
    Answer: b) Oviparity
  9. The term “ovoviviparous” refers to animals that:
    a) Lay eggs externally
    b) Retain eggs internally and give live birth
    c) Provide no nourishment to embryos
    d) Reproduce asexually
    Answer: b) Retain eggs internally and give live birth
  10. Which of these animals exhibit ovoviviparity?
    a) Sharks
    b) Frogs
    c) Pigeons
    d) Elephants
    Answer: a) Sharks
  11. Reproductive strategies are influenced by:
    a) Genetic factors only
    b) Environmental conditions
    c) Parental size
    d) None of the above
    Answer: b) Environmental conditions
  12. Which group of animals predominantly follows oviparous reproduction?
    a) Mammals
    b) Amphibians
    c) Birds
    d) Reptiles
    Answer: c) Birds
  13. What protects eggs in oviparous animals?
    a) Shells or coverings
    b) Placenta
    c) Amniotic sac
    d) Mammary glands
    Answer: a) Shells or coverings
  14. Viviparous animals usually invest in:
    a) Producing many offspring with minimal care
    b) Producing fewer offspring with higher care
    c) No parental care
    d) External feeding of offspring
    Answer: b) Producing fewer offspring with higher care
  15. Which of these animals lays eggs?
    a) Bat
    b) Turtle
    c) Horse
    d) Rabbit
    Answer: b) Turtle
  16. What is the primary advantage of viviparity?
    a) Large number of offspring
    b) Protection of offspring inside the body
    c) Faster reproduction
    d) None of the above
    Answer: b) Protection of offspring inside the body
  17. Oviparous reproduction is advantageous because:
    a) It provides nourishment through placenta
    b) It increases the number of offspring produced
    c) It reduces predation risk
    d) It allows internal fertilization
    Answer: b) It increases the number of offspring produced
  18. Viviparous reproduction is most common in:
    a) Reptiles
    b) Mammals
    c) Birds
    d) Amphibians
    Answer: b) Mammals
  19. Which characteristic is exclusive to viviparous animals?
    a) Egg production
    b) Direct development inside the mother
    c) Yolk nourishment
    d) External fertilization
    Answer: b) Direct development inside the mother
  20. Which of the following is not an oviparous animal?
    a) Crocodile
    b) Hen
    c) Whale
    d) Turtle
    Answer: c) Whale
  21. Reptiles such as snakes may exhibit:
    a) Oviparity
    b) Viviparity
    c) Ovoviviparity
    d) All of the above
    Answer: d) All of the above
  22. Placental nourishment is a characteristic of:
    a) Oviparous animals
    b) Viviparous animals
    c) Ovoviviparous animals
    d) None of the above
    Answer: b) Viviparous animals
  23. What distinguishes ovoviviparous animals from viviparous ones?
    a) Lack of egg production
    b) Retaining eggs internally without a placenta
    c) External development of eggs
    d) Asexual reproduction
    Answer: b) Retaining eggs internally without a placenta
  24. Which of the following is a viviparous reptile?
    a) Green sea turtle
    b) Boa constrictor
    c) Komodo dragon
    d) Gecko
    Answer: b) Boa constrictor
  25. Which of the following does not reproduce through oviparity?
    a) Salmon
    b) Penguin
    c) Platypus
    d) Kangaroo
    Answer: d) Kangaroo
  26. What kind of fertilization occurs in most viviparous animals?
    a) External fertilization
    b) Internal fertilization
    c) Budding
    d) Parthenogenesis
    Answer: b) Internal fertilization
  27. A major drawback of oviparous reproduction is:
    a) High energy cost of producing eggs
    b) Vulnerability of eggs to predators
    c) Long gestation period
    d) Low genetic diversity
    Answer: b) Vulnerability of eggs to predators
  28. Which of the following mammals lays eggs?
    a) Dolphin
    b) Echidna
    c) Tiger
    d) Elephant
    Answer: b) Echidna
  29. Viviparous animals usually produce:
    a) Large numbers of offspring
    b) Fewer but well-developed offspring
    c) Eggs with hard shells
    d) Offspring without any parental care
    Answer: b) Fewer but well-developed offspring
  30. Which of the following animals exhibits ovoviviparity?
    a) Guppy
    b) Ostrich
    c) Leopard
    d) Eagle
    Answer: a) Guppy

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