1. What is the primary role of forensic biology in crime investigations?
A) To determine the cause of death
B) To identify criminal DNA evidence
C) To analyze blood pressure
D) To identify fingerprints
Answer: B) To identify criminal DNA evidence
2. Which of the following is NOT typically analyzed in forensic biology?
A) DNA
B) Blood
C) Hair samples
D) Political ideologies
Answer: D) Political ideologies
3. What part of the human body contains DNA that can be used for forensic analysis?
A) Saliva
B) Hair
C) Blood
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
4. What does STR stand for in DNA analysis?
A) Simple Test for Reactions
B) Short Tandem Repeats
C) Single Target Recognition
D) Simplified Transcription Regulation
Answer: B) Short Tandem Repeats
5. Which type of sample is most commonly used in forensic DNA analysis?
A) Skin cells
B) Hair
C) Blood
D) Urine
Answer: C) Blood
6. How is DNA from biological evidence usually extracted for forensic analysis?
A) Chemical extraction
B) Thermal denaturation
C) Mechanical shredding
D) Physical removal
Answer: A) Chemical extraction
7. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using DNA evidence in criminal investigations?
A) Provides unique identification
B) Can establish a suspect’s location
C) Provides direct evidence of intent
D) Can link a suspect to a crime scene
Answer: C) Provides direct evidence of intent
8. What does the process of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplify in forensic biology?
A) Blood type
B) DNA sequences
C) Fingerprints
D) Hair characteristics
Answer: B) DNA sequences
9. What is the main advantage of using mitochondrial DNA in forensic investigations?
A) It’s inherited from both parents
B) It’s more abundant than nuclear DNA
C) It can be easily extracted from bones
D) It is unique to each individual
Answer: B) It’s more abundant than nuclear DNA
10. Which of the following is used to match DNA profiles from crime scenes with suspects?
A) Gel electrophoresis
B) X-ray imaging
C) Chromatography
D) Spectroscopy
Answer: A) Gel electrophoresis
11. What is the primary function of forensic entomology?
A) Identifying insects in food
B) Determining the time of death
C) Analyzing blood evidence
D) Identifying toxic substances
Answer: B) Determining the time of death
12. Which of the following can be considered a source of forensic DNA evidence?
A) Human remains
B) Semen
C) Saliva
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
13. Which type of biological evidence is typically used to identify the victim in a forensic investigation?
A) Hair from the suspect
B) Bone fragments from the crime scene
C) Saliva from the victim
D) Blood type comparison
Answer: B) Bone fragments from the crime scene
14. What is the role of a forensic biologist in a court case?
A) To determine the motive behind a crime
B) To present DNA evidence in a legal context
C) To prosecute the accused
D) To question the witnesses
Answer: B) To present DNA evidence in a legal context
15. How can forensic biology help in wrongful conviction cases?
A) By proving the innocence of a convicted person
B) By identifying a new criminal
C) By supporting the defense with unrelated evidence
D) By revealing secret witnesses
Answer: A) By proving the innocence of a convicted person
16. What is an STR (Short Tandem Repeat) in forensic DNA analysis?
A) A repeating sequence of nucleotides found in the DNA
B) A specific enzyme used in DNA extraction
C) A method for collecting blood samples
D) A type of chemical reaction
Answer: A) A repeating sequence of nucleotides found in the DNA
17. Which of the following is NOT a component of a DNA profile?
A) STR markers
B) Mitochondrial sequences
C) Protein fingerprints
D) Allelic variations
Answer: C) Protein fingerprints
18. What is the role of forensic toxicology in criminal investigations?
A) Analyzing DNA evidence
B) Studying the effects of drugs and poisons
C) Determining the suspect’s identity
D) Analyzing physical injuries
Answer: B) Studying the effects of drugs and poisons
19. Which of the following could provide a forensic biologist with DNA evidence from a crime scene?
A) Blood stains
B) Skin cells from a surface
C) Hair follicles
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
20. Which forensic technique uses a chemical solution to separate DNA fragments based on their size?
A) Microscopy
B) Gel electrophoresis
C) PCR amplification
D) DNA fingerprinting
Answer: B) Gel electrophoresis
21. What is the process by which a forensic biologist determines the gender of a suspect or victim using DNA?
A) Analysis of Y-chromosome markers
B) Analysis of mitochondrial DNA
C) Comparing hair color profiles
D) Determining blood type
Answer: A) Analysis of Y-chromosome markers
22. In forensic biology, what does the term “DNA fingerprinting” refer to?
A) A unique DNA profile used for identification
B) A technique to extract DNA from fingerprints
C) A method of measuring DNA degradation
D) The process of creating synthetic DNA strands
Answer: A) A unique DNA profile used for identification
23. What biological material is commonly analyzed in forensic investigations involving hair samples?
A) Mitochondrial DNA
B) Nuclear DNA
C) Bacterial content
D) Protein markers
Answer: A) Mitochondrial DNA
24. What is the significance of DNA sequencing in forensic biology?
A) It helps to determine the time of death
B) It allows for the identification of genetic mutations
C) It helps to match DNA to suspects or victims
D) It is used to analyze fingerprints
Answer: C) It helps to match DNA to suspects or victims
25. Which of the following factors can affect the quality of DNA evidence from a crime scene?
A) Time since the crime
B) Type of biological material
C) Environmental conditions
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
26. How can forensic biology help identify the origin of a biological sample?
A) By comparing it to a national database of DNA profiles
B) By testing the sample for toxins
C) By analyzing the hair texture
D) By observing the sample’s shape
Answer: A) By comparing it to a national database of DNA profiles
27. What type of biological sample is useful for determining familial relationships in forensic investigations?
A) Skin tissue
B) Saliva
C) Blood
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
28. What is the most significant advantage of using DNA evidence in solving crimes?
A) It can conclusively match a suspect to a crime scene
B) It can predict future crimes
C) It is easier to collect than fingerprints
D) It is cost-effective
Answer: A) It can conclusively match a suspect to a crime scene
29. What does CODIS (Combined DNA Index System) allow forensic scientists to do?
A) Analyze the speed of DNA degradation
B) Compare DNA samples from different crime scenes
C) Determine the blood type of a suspect
D) Analyze mitochondrial markers in hair samples
Answer: B) Compare DNA samples from different crime scenes
30. What type of DNA analysis can be used in cases where there is insufficient biological material at the crime scene?
A) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
B) STR (Short Tandem Repeat) analysis
C) Mitochondrial DNA analysis
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
These MCQs cover various aspects of forensic biology, including DNA analysis, evidence collection, and techniques used in solving crimes with biological evidence.
