1. What is the primary function of the cerebellum in the brain?
    A) Vision
    B) Speech processing
    C) Motor coordination
    D) Memory storage
    Answer: C) Motor coordination
  2. Which neurotransmitter is most commonly associated with reward and pleasure?
    A) Dopamine
    B) Serotonin
    C) GABA
    D) Acetylcholine
    Answer: A) Dopamine
  3. The blood-brain barrier primarily protects the brain from:
    A) Excess glucose
    B) Harmful substances in the bloodstream
    C) Neuron overactivation
    D) Low oxygen levels
    Answer: B) Harmful substances in the bloodstream
  4. Which type of cell provides myelination in the central nervous system?
    A) Schwann cells
    B) Astrocytes
    C) Oligodendrocytes
    D) Microglia
    Answer: C) Oligodendrocytes
  5. The hippocampus is primarily involved in:
    A) Emotion regulation
    B) Long-term memory formation
    C) Sensory processing
    D) Voluntary movement
    Answer: B) Long-term memory formation
  6. Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating vital functions like heart rate and breathing?
    A) Cerebrum
    B) Brainstem
    C) Hypothalamus
    D) Thalamus
    Answer: B) Brainstem
  7. The amygdala plays a key role in:
    A) Visual processing
    B) Emotional responses
    C) Logical thinking
    D) Speech production
    Answer: B) Emotional responses
  8. What is neuroplasticity?
    A) The brain’s ability to regenerate neurons
    B) The adaptability of neural connections
    C) The production of neurotransmitters
    D) The creation of new brain regions
    Answer: B) The adaptability of neural connections
  9. Which imaging technique is most commonly used to observe brain activity?
    A) MRI
    B) CT scan
    C) EEG
    D) fMRI
    Answer: D) fMRI
  10. Glial cells are primarily responsible for:
    A) Conducting electrical signals
    B) Supporting and nourishing neurons
    C) Synaptic transmission
    D) Genetic coding in the brain
    Answer: B) Supporting and nourishing neurons
  11. What is the primary role of the prefrontal cortex?
    A) Controlling involuntary reflexes
    B) Decision-making and planning
    C) Processing auditory information
    D) Regulating sleep cycles
    Answer: B) Decision-making and planning
  12. Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?
    A) Axon
    B) Synapse
    C) Dendrite
    D) Soma
    Answer: C) Dendrite
  13. Myelin sheaths in the nervous system serve to:
    A) Protect neurons from damage
    B) Speed up neural signal transmission
    C) Store neurotransmitters
    D) Provide nutrients to neurons
    Answer: B) Speed up neural signal transmission
  14. Which ion is primarily responsible for initiating an action potential in neurons?
    A) Calcium
    B) Sodium
    C) Potassium
    D) Magnesium
    Answer: B) Sodium
  15. Parkinson’s disease is primarily associated with the degeneration of neurons in which brain area?
    A) Hippocampus
    B) Basal ganglia
    C) Cerebellum
    D) Substantia nigra
    Answer: D) Substantia nigra
  16. Which neurotransmitter is critical for muscle contraction?
    A) GABA
    B) Serotonin
    C) Acetylcholine
    D) Dopamine
    Answer: C) Acetylcholine
  17. The synaptic cleft is located:
    A) Within the neuron’s nucleus
    B) Between two neurons at a synapse
    C) In the axon hillock
    D) At the dendritic spine
    Answer: B) Between two neurons at a synapse
  18. What role does the thalamus play in the brain?
    A) Memory consolidation
    B) Relaying sensory information
    C) Producing cerebrospinal fluid
    D) Regulating appetite
    Answer: B) Relaying sensory information
  19. The limbic system is primarily involved in:
    A) Language processing
    B) Sensory perception
    C) Emotion and behavior
    D) Voluntary motor control
    Answer: C) Emotion and behavior
  20. Which protein aggregates are associated with Alzheimer’s disease?
    A) Tau proteins
    B) Synaptophysin
    C) Amyloid-beta plaques
    D) Neurofilaments
    Answer: C) Amyloid-beta plaques
  21. The term “action potential” refers to:
    A) A neuron at rest
    B) Electrical signal transmission in a neuron
    C) Inhibition of neurotransmitter release
    D) Damage to neural pathways
    Answer: B) Electrical signal transmission in a neuron
  22. Which region of the brain controls the circadian rhythm?
    A) Amygdala
    B) Pineal gland
    C) Suprachiasmatic nucleus
    D) Hippocampus
    Answer: C) Suprachiasmatic nucleus
  23. What is the role of microglia in the brain?
    A) Produce cerebrospinal fluid
    B) Act as immune cells
    C) Generate electrical signals
    D) Form synaptic connections
    Answer: B) Act as immune cells
  24. Neurotransmitters are released into the synapse by:
    A) Dendrites
    B) Axon terminals
    C) Soma
    D) Myelin sheaths
    Answer: B) Axon terminals
  25. What does the corpus callosum connect?
    A) The brainstem and spinal cord
    B) The left and right hemispheres of the brain
    C) The cerebellum and cerebrum
    D) The thalamus and hypothalamus
    Answer: B) The left and right hemispheres of the brain
  26. What is the main function of astrocytes?
    A) Transmitting neural signals
    B) Forming the blood-brain barrier
    C) Regulating neurotransmitter levels
    D) Both B and C
    Answer: D) Both B and C
  27. Which of the following is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?
    A) Glutamate
    B) GABA
    C) Serotonin
    D) Dopamine
    Answer: A) Glutamate
  28. Which brain region processes auditory information?
    A) Temporal lobe
    B) Occipital lobe
    C) Parietal lobe
    D) Frontal lobe
    Answer: A) Temporal lobe
  29. Long-term potentiation is a mechanism underlying:
    A) Reflex actions
    B) Neural degeneration
    C) Learning and memory
    D) Circadian rhythms
    Answer: C) Learning and memory
  30. Which structure regulates hormonal release in response to stress?
    A) Amygdala
    B) Hypothalamus
    C) Hippocampus
    D) Cerebellum
    Answer: B) Hypothalamus

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