1. What does HIV stand for?
A) Human Immunodeficiency Virus
B) Human Infection Virus
C) High Immunodeficiency Virus
D) Hepatitis Immunodeficiency Virus
Answer: A) Human Immunodeficiency Virus
2. What is the primary target of the HIV virus in the human body?
A) Red blood cells
B) T-helper cells (CD4 cells)
C) Neurons
D) Muscle cells
Answer: B) T-helper cells (CD4 cells)
3. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of AIDS?
A) Weight loss
B) Chronic diarrhea
C) Increased white blood cell count
D) Persistent fever
Answer: C) Increased white blood cell count
4. How is HIV primarily transmitted?
A) Through air
B) By contact with contaminated surfaces
C) Through unprotected sexual contact, blood, and needles
D) Through casual contact like hugging
Answer: C) Through unprotected sexual contact, blood, and needles
5. What is the main cause of death in AIDS patients?
A) Heart failure
B) Immune system collapse leading to opportunistic infections
C) Liver cirrhosis
D) Kidney failure
Answer: B) Immune system collapse leading to opportunistic infections
6. HIV is a type of what kind of virus?
A) Retrovirus
B) Adenovirus
C) Herpesvirus
D) Papillomavirus
Answer: A) Retrovirus
7. What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?
A) HIV is a virus, while AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection
B) AIDS is a type of HIV
C) AIDS is more severe than HIV
D) HIV causes AIDS instantly
Answer: A) HIV is a virus, while AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection
8. What is the function of CD4 cells in the human immune system?
A) They fight bacterial infections
B) They help coordinate immune responses
C) They produce antibodies
D) They transport oxygen in the blood
Answer: B) They help coordinate immune responses
9. What is the typical CD4 count in a healthy person?
A) 200-500 cells per microliter of blood
B) 500-1,500 cells per microliter of blood
C) 1,500-2,000 cells per microliter of blood
D) 100-200 cells per microliter of blood
Answer: B) 500-1,500 cells per microliter of blood
10. What is ART (antiretroviral therapy) used for in HIV treatment?
A) To cure HIV completely
B) To prevent the development of AIDS
C) To reduce the viral load and increase CD4 count
D) To prevent other infections
Answer: C) To reduce the viral load and increase CD4 count
11. Which of the following is a common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Asthma
C) Malaria
D) Diabetes
Answer: A) Tuberculosis
12. What is the primary method for diagnosing HIV infection?
A) Urine test
B) Blood test for HIV antibodies or RNA
C) X-ray
D) Skin test
Answer: B) Blood test for HIV antibodies or RNA
13. What does the “window period” refer to in HIV testing?
A) The period when HIV is most infectious
B) The period when HIV antibodies are detectable in the blood
C) The period after exposure when the virus is undetectable
D) The period before symptoms appear
Answer: C) The period after exposure when the virus is undetectable
14. Which of the following is a preventive measure against HIV transmission?
A) Safe sexual practices, including condom use
B) Frequent handwashing
C) Vaccination
D) Antibiotics
Answer: A) Safe sexual practices, including condom use
15. What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV replication?
A) It helps the virus bind to host cells
B) It converts RNA into DNA
C) It assembles new viral particles
D) It degrades the host cell’s DNA
Answer: B) It converts RNA into DNA
16. Which of the following cells are infected by HIV?
A) Red blood cells
B) Neurons
C) T-helper cells (CD4 cells)
D) Muscle cells
Answer: C) T-helper cells (CD4 cells)
17. What is the risk of untreated HIV infection over time?
A) Complete recovery
B) Development of AIDS
C) Spontaneous cure
D) Full immune response
Answer: B) Development of AIDS
18. Which of the following groups is most at risk for HIV infection?
A) Infants born to HIV-positive mothers
B) Elderly people
C) People who work in healthcare
D) People living in rural areas
Answer: A) Infants born to HIV-positive mothers
19. What is the major goal of HIV treatment?
A) To eliminate HIV from the body
B) To increase the CD4 count and prevent AIDS
C) To reduce fever and pain
D) To boost red blood cell production
Answer: B) To increase the CD4 count and prevent AIDS
20. Which of the following is true about HIV transmission through breastfeeding?
A) HIV cannot be transmitted through breastfeeding
B) HIV can be transmitted through breastfeeding, especially in the first few months
C) Only HIV-positive fathers can transmit the virus
D) HIV is transmitted through breast milk only after the baby turns 1 year old
Answer: B) HIV can be transmitted through breastfeeding, especially in the first few months
21. What is a key characteristic of the HIV virus?
A) It is a single-stranded DNA virus
B) It is a double-stranded RNA virus
C) It is a retrovirus that carries RNA
D) It is a herpesvirus
Answer: C) It is a retrovirus that carries RNA
22. Which of the following is a common side effect of ART (antiretroviral therapy)?
A) Insomnia
B) Nausea
C) Weight loss
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
23. What happens to the immune system as HIV progresses to AIDS?
A) It becomes stronger and more effective
B) It becomes progressively weaker, leading to vulnerability to infections
C) It begins to produce more CD4 cells
D) It causes the body to overproduce antibodies
Answer: B) It becomes progressively weaker, leading to vulnerability to infections
24. What is the global strategy to combat HIV transmission?
A) Total eradication of the virus through vaccination
B) Universal access to ART and prevention methods
C) Isolation of HIV-positive individuals
D) Limiting blood transfusions
Answer: B) Universal access to ART and prevention methods
25. Which of the following is NOT an example of an opportunistic infection associated with AIDS?
A) Pneumocystis pneumonia
B) Kaposi’s sarcoma
C) Candidiasis
D) Migraine
Answer: D) Migraine
26. Which of the following statements about HIV and AIDS is true?
A) A person with HIV will always develop AIDS
B) AIDS occurs when the immune system becomes severely weakened by HIV
C) HIV is only transmitted through sexual contact
D) AIDS is curable with medication
Answer: B) AIDS occurs when the immune system becomes severely weakened by HIV
27. Which organ system is most affected by HIV?
A) Digestive system
B) Immune system
C) Circulatory system
D) Nervous system
Answer: B) Immune system
28. Which of the following is a typical clinical feature of HIV infection?
A) Chronic fatigue
B) Sudden weight gain
C) Frequent headaches
D) None of the above
Answer: A) Chronic fatigue
29. What role do HIV vaccines play in the fight against the virus?
A) HIV vaccines are available and cure the virus
B) HIV vaccines are still under research, with no approved vaccine yet
C) HIV vaccines prevent future infections, even for those already infected
D) HIV vaccines have completely eradicated the virus
Answer: B) HIV vaccines are still under research, with no approved vaccine yet
30. What is the approximate global number of people living with HIV?
A) 1 million
B) 15 million
C) 38 million
D) 50 million
Answer: C) 38 million
These MCQs cover a broad range of concepts related to HIV and AIDS, testing knowledge on transmission, treatment, immune system impact, and clinical features.
