- Who proposed the theory of natural selection?
a) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
b) Charles Darwin
c) Alfred Wallace
d) Gregor Mendel
Answer: b) Charles Darwin - Lamarck’s theory is based on:
a) Survival of the fittest
b) Use and disuse of organs
c) Random mutations
d) Genetic recombination
Answer: b) Use and disuse of organs - According to Lamarck, traits acquired during an organism’s life:
a) Cannot be passed to offspring
b) Are passed to offspring
c) Are lost in evolution
d) Are preserved for survival
Answer: b) Are passed to offspring - What is the key mechanism in Darwin’s theory of evolution?
a) Use and disuse
b) Natural selection
c) Acquired characteristics
d) Spontaneous generation
Answer: b) Natural selection - Which of the following is NOT a component of Darwin’s theory?
a) Variation exists in populations
b) Some variations are inherited
c) Acquired traits are inherited
d) Organisms compete for resources
Answer: c) Acquired traits are inherited - Lamarck’s theory is also known as:
a) Theory of natural selection
b) Theory of acquired traits
c) Evolution by adaptation
d) Theory of mutation
Answer: b) Theory of acquired traits - According to Darwin, evolution is driven by:
a) Use and disuse
b) Survival and reproduction of the fittest
c) Inheritance of acquired traits
d) Changes in an individual’s lifetime
Answer: b) Survival and reproduction of the fittest - Which theory is better supported by modern genetics?
a) Lamarckism
b) Darwinism
c) Both equally
d) Neither
Answer: b) Darwinism - What does the term “use and disuse” imply in Lamarck’s theory?
a) Organs that are used extensively become stronger
b) Unused organs weaken and disappear
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a nor b
Answer: c) Both a and b - Darwin and Wallace independently proposed:
a) Evolution by use and disuse
b) Evolution by natural selection
c) Evolution by inheritance of acquired traits
d) Spontaneous evolution
Answer: b) Evolution by natural selection
- Which of these examples aligns with Lamarck’s theory?
a) Giraffes stretching their necks to reach tall trees
b) Birds with varying beak sizes surviving differently
c) Genetic mutations in moth coloration
d) None of the above
Answer: a) Giraffes stretching their necks to reach tall trees - Darwin’s observations on the Galápagos Islands supported the idea of:
a) Acquired characteristics
b) Adaptation and natural selection
c) Fixed species
d) Spontaneous generation
Answer: b) Adaptation and natural selection - Which of the following is a major criticism of Lamarck’s theory?
a) It does not consider environmental influence
b) It does not explain extinction
c) Acquired traits are not genetically inherited
d) It lacks examples from fossils
Answer: c) Acquired traits are not genetically inherited - “Survival of the fittest” was a phrase coined by:
a) Charles Darwin
b) Herbert Spencer
c) Alfred Wallace
d) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Answer: b) Herbert Spencer - Darwin’s theory emphasizes:
a) Random evolution
b) Purposeful change
c) Differential reproduction and survival
d) Use and disuse
Answer: c) Differential reproduction and survival
- Which is NOT a part of natural selection?
a) Overproduction
b) Variation among individuals
c) Inheritance of acquired traits
d) Struggle for existence
Answer: c) Inheritance of acquired traits - In Lamarckism, evolution occurs because of:
a) Random genetic mutations
b) Need or desire for change
c) Survival of the fittest
d) Environmental disasters
Answer: b) Need or desire for change - Which concept did Darwin and Lamarck agree on?
a) Evolution occurs over time
b) Natural selection as a mechanism
c) Inheritance of acquired traits
d) Species do not change
Answer: a) Evolution occurs over time - Darwin’s finches are an example of:
a) Acquired traits
b) Adaptive radiation
c) Use and disuse
d) Speciation by mutation
Answer: b) Adaptive radiation - Lamarck’s theory was challenged due to the discovery of:
a) Fossil evidence
b) Genetic inheritance
c) Natural selection
d) Extinct species
Answer: b) Genetic inheritance
- Which evidence supports Darwin’s theory?
a) Fossil record
b) Genetic mutations
c) Homologous structures
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above - Darwin was influenced by the writings of:
a) Lyell on geology
b) Malthus on population
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above
Answer: c) Both a and b - Which of the following aligns with Darwin’s ideas on evolution?
a) Environmental influence leads directly to change
b) Variation is random, and selection is non-random
c) Use and disuse drive evolution
d) Traits change due to need
Answer: b) Variation is random, and selection is non-random - Lamarck’s theory suggests evolution is:
a) Goal-directed
b) Random
c) Based on mutations
d) Driven by competition
Answer: a) Goal-directed - Which of these is an example of natural selection?
a) Antibiotic resistance in bacteria
b) Long necks in giraffes due to stretching
c) Human use of tools altering muscles
d) None of the above
Answer: a) Antibiotic resistance in bacteria
- What is the primary unit of selection in Darwin’s theory?
a) Gene
b) Individual
c) Population
d) Ecosystem
Answer: b) Individual - Lamarck’s “law of use and disuse” predicts that:
a) Unused traits will diminish
b) Overused traits become exaggerated
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a nor b
Answer: c) Both a and b - Modern evolutionary theory combines Darwin’s ideas with:
a) Genetics
b) Fossil studies
c) Molecular biology
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above - Darwin proposed that evolution is a process of:
a) Rapid changes
b) Gradual accumulation of small changes
c) Spontaneous generation of traits
d) None of the above
Answer: b) Gradual accumulation of small changes - Lamarckian evolution does not explain:
a) Genetic inheritance
b) Evolution of complex organs
c) Adaptation to the environment
d) Behavioral traits
Answer: a) Genetic inheritance
