1. What is convergent evolution?
a) Evolution of similar traits in unrelated species
b) Evolution of dissimilar traits in related species
c) Evolution of identical traits in the same species
d) No change in traits across species
Answer: a) Evolution of similar traits in unrelated species
2. What is divergent evolution?
a) Evolution of similar traits in unrelated species
b) Evolution of dissimilar traits in related species
c) Evolution of identical traits in different species
d) No change in traits over time
Answer: b) Evolution of dissimilar traits in related species
3. Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?
a) The wings of bats and birds
b) The forelimbs of whales and bats
c) The beaks of Darwin’s finches
d) The fur color of polar bears and grizzly bears
Answer: a) The wings of bats and birds
4. Which of these is an example of divergent evolution?
a) Flippers of dolphins and fins of sharks
b) Forelimbs of humans and wings of bats
c) Wings of insects and wings of birds
d) Thorns in cacti and spines in succulents
Answer: b) Forelimbs of humans and wings of bats
5. Convergent evolution leads to the formation of which structures?
a) Homologous structures
b) Analogous structures
c) Vestigial structures
d) None of the above
Answer: b) Analogous structures
6. Divergent evolution leads to the formation of which structures?
a) Homologous structures
b) Analogous structures
c) Vestigial structures
d) None of the above
Answer: a) Homologous structures
7. What drives convergent evolution?
a) Similar environmental pressures
b) Genetic drift
c) Geographical isolation
d) Mutation in a single species
Answer: a) Similar environmental pressures
8. What drives divergent evolution?
a) Different environmental pressures
b) Genetic similarity
c) Shared ecological niches
d) None of the above
Answer: a) Different environmental pressures
9. What is an analogous structure?
a) Structure with similar function but different origin
b) Structure with similar origin but different function
c) Structure that serves no purpose
d) None of the above
Answer: a) Structure with similar function but different origin
10. What is a homologous structure?
a) Structure with similar function but different origin
b) Structure with similar origin but different function
c) Structure that serves no purpose
d) None of the above
Answer: b) Structure with similar origin but different function
11. Which of the following pairs is analogous?
a) Wings of a bat and flippers of a whale
b) Wings of a butterfly and wings of a bird
c) Arm of a human and flipper of a seal
d) Leaves of a pea plant and thorns of a rose
Answer: b) Wings of a butterfly and wings of a bird
12. Which of the following pairs is homologous?
a) Wings of a bat and wings of an insect
b) Wings of a bird and fins of a fish
c) Forelimb of a human and flipper of a dolphin
d) Leaves of cacti and roots of mangroves
Answer: c) Forelimb of a human and flipper of a dolphin
13. Convergent evolution often results in:
a) Increased biodiversity
b) Similar adaptations in unrelated organisms
c) New species in the same lineage
d) Reduction in the number of species
Answer: b) Similar adaptations in unrelated organisms
14. Divergent evolution often results in:
a) Increased similarity among species
b) Reduced genetic diversity
c) Formation of new species
d) Elimination of unique traits
Answer: c) Formation of new species
15. Adaptive radiation is a form of:
a) Convergent evolution
b) Divergent evolution
c) Genetic drift
d) Stabilizing selection
Answer: b) Divergent evolution
16. Which concept does the phrase “evolutionary arms race” best describe?
a) Divergent evolution in unrelated species
b) Convergent evolution in competing species
c) Coevolution in predator-prey relationships
d) Divergent evolution in isolated populations
Answer: c) Coevolution in predator-prey relationships
17. The streamlined body shape of dolphins and sharks is an example of:
a) Divergent evolution
b) Convergent evolution
c) Parallel evolution
d) Genetic drift
Answer: b) Convergent evolution
18. Which of the following is not a result of divergent evolution?
a) Darwin’s finches
b) Mammalian forelimbs
c) Whale flippers and human hands
d) Cacti and euphorbia’s spines
Answer: d) Cacti and euphorbia’s spines
19. Eyes of octopuses and humans are examples of:
a) Divergent evolution
b) Convergent evolution
c) Coevolution
d) Stabilizing selection
Answer: b) Convergent evolution
20. Convergent evolution is likely to occur when:
a) Two species occupy different niches
b) Two species live in similar environments
c) Species are geographically isolated
d) Species evolve independently without environmental influence
Answer: b) Two species live in similar environments
21. Marsupial mammals in Australia and placental mammals in other continents show:
a) Divergent evolution
b) Parallel evolution
c) Convergent evolution
d) Genetic drift
Answer: c) Convergent evolution
22. Divergent evolution is typically observed in:
a) Isolated populations of the same species
b) Different species under the same environmental pressure
c) Unrelated species with similar functions
d) None of the above
Answer: a) Isolated populations of the same species
23. Which trait in bats and whales indicates divergent evolution?
a) Homologous bone structure in forelimbs
b) Similar feeding patterns
c) Analogous adaptations for movement
d) Both are mammals
Answer: a) Homologous bone structure in forelimbs
24. What kind of evolution results in mimicry?
a) Divergent evolution
b) Convergent evolution
c) Parallel evolution
d) Genetic drift
Answer: b) Convergent evolution
25. Which of the following is evidence of divergent evolution?
a) Fossil records of species showing branching evolution
b) Similar body shapes in aquatic mammals
c) Functional similarity in wings of birds and bats
d) Mimicry in butterflies
Answer: a) Fossil records of species showing branching evolution
26. Cacti and euphorbia evolved similar spines due to:
a) Shared ancestry
b) Genetic drift
c) Convergent evolution
d) Divergent evolution
Answer: c) Convergent evolution
27. The beaks of Darwin’s finches are an example of:
a) Stabilizing selection
b) Genetic drift
c) Divergent evolution
d) Convergent evolution
Answer: c) Divergent evolution
28. Parallel evolution differs from convergent evolution in that:
a) It involves unrelated species
b) It involves species with a shared ancestor
c) It occurs in unrelated environments
d) It never leads to similar traits
Answer: b) It involves species with a shared ancestor
29. Which evolutionary pattern results in speciation?
a) Convergent evolution
b) Divergent evolution
c) Parallel evolution
d) None of the above
Answer: b) Divergent evolution
30. Which of the following best describes analogous traits?
a) Same structure, different function
b) Different structure, same function
c) Identical in both structure and function
d) Useless traits without function
Answer: b) Different structure, same function
