1. What is the primary function of lysosomes in a cell?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Lipid storage
C) Cellular waste digestion
D) Energy production
Answer: C) Cellular waste digestion
2. Which enzyme is abundant in lysosomes?
A) Lipase
B) Protease
C) Hydrolase
D) Amylase
Answer: C) Hydrolase
3. Lysosomes are often referred to as:
A) The powerhouse of the cell
B) The garbage disposal of the cell
C) The control center of the cell
D) The protein factory of the cell
Answer: B) The garbage disposal of the cell
4. Peroxisomes primarily function in:
A) Digestion of proteins
B) Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification
C) Synthesis of DNA
D) Energy storage
Answer: B) Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification
5. Which molecule is broken down by catalase in peroxisomes?
A) Glucose
B) Hydrogen peroxide
C) Lipids
D) Proteins
Answer: B) Hydrogen peroxide
6. Which of the following organelles are single-membraned?
A) Mitochondria
B) Chloroplasts
C) Lysosomes and peroxisomes
D) Nucleus
Answer: C) Lysosomes and peroxisomes
7. What pH is maintained inside lysosomes for their enzymes to function?
A) Neutral (pH 7)
B) Acidic (pH ~5)
C) Basic (pH ~9)
D) Variable
Answer: B) Acidic (pH ~5)
8. Peroxisomes are formed from:
A) The Golgi apparatus
B) The endoplasmic reticulum
C) Lysosomes
D) Ribosomes
Answer: B) The endoplasmic reticulum
9. The accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in cells can lead to:
A) Cell growth
B) Oxidative damage
C) Increased metabolism
D) Protein synthesis
Answer: B) Oxidative damage
10. Tay-Sachs disease is caused by the malfunction of:
A) Mitochondria
B) Peroxisomes
C) Lysosomes
D) Ribosomes
Answer: C) Lysosomes
11. Which enzyme is critical in peroxisomes?
A) Hydrolase
B) Catalase
C) Protease
D) Amylase
Answer: B) Catalase
12. What is the key difference between lysosomes and peroxisomes?
A) Their membrane structure
B) Their enzymes and functions
C) Their genetic material
D) Their location in the cell
Answer: B) Their enzymes and functions
13. The engulfing of cellular debris by lysosomes is called:
A) Exocytosis
B) Autophagy
C) Endocytosis
D) Phagocytosis
Answer: B) Autophagy
14. Peroxisomes play a vital role in which of the following processes?
A) Glycolysis
B) Photosynthesis
C) Lipid metabolism
D) Protein translation
Answer: C) Lipid metabolism
15. Lysosomes are derived from:
A) Mitochondria
B) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Ribosomes
Answer: C) Golgi apparatus
16. What happens if lysosomes burst in a cell?
A) The cell divides rapidly
B) Enzymes digest the cell’s components
C) The cell becomes inactive
D) Nothing happens
Answer: B) Enzymes digest the cell’s components
17. Zellweger syndrome is associated with defects in:
A) Lysosomes
B) Peroxisomes
C) Mitochondria
D) Ribosomes
Answer: B) Peroxisomes
18. Peroxisomes contribute to:
A) Protein synthesis
B) Alcohol detoxification in the liver
C) Photosynthesis
D) DNA replication
Answer: B) Alcohol detoxification in the liver
19. Lysosomes digest foreign particles through:
A) Passive transport
B) Enzymatic action
C) Osmosis
D) Active transport
Answer: B) Enzymatic action
20. Peroxisomes are involved in the metabolism of:
A) Proteins
B) Sugars
C) Reactive oxygen species
D) Nucleic acids
Answer: C) Reactive oxygen species
21. Lysosomes are absent in:
A) Animal cells
B) Plant cells
C) Prokaryotic cells
D) Fungal cells
Answer: C) Prokaryotic cells
22. Which process does not involve lysosomes?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Breakdown of macromolecules
C) Intracellular digestion
D) Recycling of cellular components
Answer: A) Protein synthesis
23. Which organelle works closely with lysosomes in the cell?
A) Ribosomes
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Chloroplasts
D) Nucleus
Answer: B) Golgi apparatus
24. The major byproduct of peroxisome activity is:
A) Oxygen
B) Hydrogen peroxide
C) Glucose
D) Nitrogen
Answer: B) Hydrogen peroxide
25. Lysosomal storage disorders are caused by:
A) Excessive protein synthesis
B) Deficient lysosomal enzymes
C) Overactive mitochondria
D) Mutations in DNA
Answer: B) Deficient lysosomal enzymes
26. Which process is regulated by lysosomes?
A) DNA replication
B) Apoptosis (programmed cell death)
C) Photosynthesis
D) Protein folding
Answer: B) Apoptosis (programmed cell death)
27. In plants, peroxisomes are closely associated with:
A) Glyoxysomes
B) Chloroplasts
C) Mitochondria
D) Ribosomes
Answer: A) Glyoxysomes
28. How do peroxisomes protect cells from oxidative damage?
A) By synthesizing proteins
B) By detoxifying hydrogen peroxide
C) By producing glucose
D) By digesting macromolecules
Answer: B) By detoxifying hydrogen peroxide
29. Which biomolecule is degraded by lysosomes?
A) DNA
B) Lipids
C) RNA
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
30. Peroxisomes are most abundant in:
A) Brain cells
B) Liver cells
C) Muscle cells
D) Red blood cells
Answer: B) Liver cells
