1. Who discovered the Golgi apparatus?
Answer: Camillo Golgi
2. What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?
Answer: Packaging and transport of proteins and lipids.
3. What are the flattened sacs in the Golgi apparatus called?
Answer: Cisternae
4. Which face of the Golgi apparatus receives vesicles from the ER?
Answer: Cis face
5. Which face of the Golgi apparatus exports materials?
Answer: Trans face
6. What are the transport vesicles in the Golgi apparatus called?
Answer: Golgi vesicles
7. What is the Golgi apparatus called in plant cells?
Answer: Dictyosome
8. What is glycosylation in the context of the Golgi apparatus?
Answer: The addition of sugar molecules to proteins or lipids.
9. Name one enzyme associated with the Golgi apparatus.
Answer: UDP-galactosyltransferase
10. What type of molecules are modified in the Golgi apparatus?
Answer: Proteins and lipids
11. What role does the Golgi apparatus play in lysosome formation?
Answer: It packages enzymes into lysosomes.
12. What is the function of the trans-Golgi network (TGN)?
Answer: Sorting and distributing materials to their target destinations.
13. What is the main role of COPII vesicles?
Answer: Transporting materials from the ER to the Golgi apparatus.
14. What is the shape of the Golgi apparatus?
Answer: A stack of flattened, membrane-bound sacs.
15. Which organelle supplies raw materials to the Golgi apparatus?
Answer: Endoplasmic reticulum
16. What happens to incorrectly folded proteins in the Golgi apparatus?
Answer: They are sent for degradation, often in lysosomes.
17. How does the Golgi apparatus contribute to the plasma membrane?
Answer: By supplying lipids and proteins.
18. What is the role of clathrin-coated vesicles in the Golgi?
Answer: Transporting materials from the Golgi to other parts of the cell.
19. How many cisternae are typically present in a Golgi stack?
Answer: 3 to 10
20. What is the significance of mannose-6-phosphate tags in the Golgi?
Answer: They direct proteins to lysosomes.
21. What happens at the medial cisternae of the Golgi apparatus?
Answer: Further modification of proteins and lipids.
22. How are materials transported from the Golgi to their destinations?
Answer: Through vesicles guided by microtubules.
23. What is the shape of the cis and trans faces of the Golgi?
Answer: Cis face is convex, and trans face is concave.
24. What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in polysaccharide synthesis?
Answer: It synthesizes and modifies polysaccharides for the cell wall.
25. How does the Golgi apparatus assist in exocytosis?
Answer: By packaging materials into vesicles for secretion.
26. What is the function of Golgins in the Golgi apparatus?
Answer: They facilitate vesicle formation and tethering.
27. Which type of cells typically have a prominent Golgi apparatus?
Answer: Secretory cells, like glandular cells.
28. How does the Golgi apparatus maintain its structure?
Answer: Through interactions with the cytoskeleton.
29. What is the relationship between the Golgi and cell signaling?
Answer: The Golgi modifies and sorts signaling molecules.
30. Why is the Golgi apparatus essential for cell survival?
Answer: It processes, modifies, and delivers essential biomolecules required for cellular functions.
