1. Who proposed the Theory of Multiple Intelligences?
A) Robert Sternberg
B) Howard Gardner
C) Jean Piaget
D) Charles Spearman
Answer: B) Howard Gardner
Explanation: Howard Gardner proposed the Theory of Multiple Intelligences, which suggests that intelligence is not a single entity but rather a combination of different types of intelligences, including linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.
2. According to Sternberg, which of the following is a component of his Triarchic Theory of Intelligence?
A) Emotional Intelligence
B) Analytical Intelligence
C) Kinesthetic Intelligence
D) Spatial Intelligence
Answer: B) Analytical Intelligence
Explanation: Robert Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence includes three components: analytical intelligence (problem-solving ability), creative intelligence (ability to deal with new situations), and practical intelligence (common sense or street smarts).
3. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Theory is based on which of the following?
A) The idea that intelligence is a single measurable entity
B) The belief that intelligence can be divided into multiple types
C) A focus on cognitive intelligence only
D) Intelligence being based solely on academic skills
Answer: B) The belief that intelligence can be divided into multiple types
Explanation: Gardner’s theory asserts that intelligence is a broad set of cognitive abilities that are independent of each other, such as musical, linguistic, logical, and interpersonal intelligence, among others.
4. In Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory, which type of intelligence is related to one’s ability to adapt to changing environments?
A) Analytical Intelligence
B) Creative Intelligence
C) Practical Intelligence
D) Emotional Intelligence
Answer: C) Practical Intelligence
Explanation: Practical intelligence refers to the ability to adapt to, shape, or select environments to suit one’s needs, and it is closely linked to “street smarts.”
5. Which of the following is NOT one of the types of intelligence according to Howard Gardner?
A) Spatial Intelligence
B) Mathematical Intelligence
C) Linguistic Intelligence
D) Logical Intelligence
Answer: B) Mathematical Intelligence
Explanation: While mathematical intelligence is part of Gardner’s logical-mathematical intelligence, the term “mathematical intelligence” itself is not listed as a separate type.
6. Sternberg’s theory places a high value on which of the following?
A) Creativity
B) Traditional IQ testing
C) Social intelligence
D) Standardized testing
Answer: A) Creativity
Explanation: Sternberg emphasized the importance of creativity in his Triarchic Theory, which is categorized under creative intelligence.
7. Which of the following is the main focus of Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences?
A) Emotional and social intelligence
B) Cognitive abilities related to problem-solving
C) Diverse types of human intelligence beyond traditional IQ
D) Intelligence measured by academic achievement
Answer: C) Diverse types of human intelligence beyond traditional IQ
Explanation: Gardner’s theory challenges the traditional view of intelligence as a single, measurable entity and emphasizes that humans have various types of intelligences.
8. What is one criticism of Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory?
A) It overemphasizes logical intelligence
B) It lacks empirical evidence and rigorous scientific testing
C) It is too focused on IQ tests
D) It only applies to Western societies
Answer: B) It lacks empirical evidence and rigorous scientific testing
Explanation: Gardner’s theory has faced criticism due to the lack of substantial empirical research that supports the existence of distinct, independent intelligences.
9. Which of the following theories of intelligence includes the idea of “creative intelligence”?
A) Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory
B) Charles Spearman’s General Intelligence Theory
C) Robert Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory
D) Daniel Goleman’s Emotional Intelligence Theory
Answer: C) Robert Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory
Explanation: Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory includes creative intelligence, which involves the ability to think creatively and deal with novel situations.
10. According to Sternberg, which type of intelligence is associated with abstract reasoning and academic problem-solving?
A) Practical Intelligence
B) Analytical Intelligence
C) Creative Intelligence
D) Verbal Intelligence
Answer: B) Analytical Intelligence
Explanation: Analytical intelligence involves skills in problem-solving, abstract thinking, and reasoning, often associated with traditional measures of intelligence like IQ.
11. What does Howard Gardner argue about traditional IQ testing?
A) It accurately measures intelligence in all aspects.
B) It focuses too narrowly on one aspect of intelligence.
C) It is the most accurate measure of a person’s abilities.
D) It is only applicable in academic settings.
Answer: B) It focuses too narrowly on one aspect of intelligence.
Explanation: Gardner believes that traditional IQ testing does not adequately capture the full range of human intelligence, as it primarily focuses on logical-mathematical and linguistic skills.
12. Which type of intelligence involves the ability to understand emotions, motivations, and behaviors in oneself and others?
A) Intrapersonal Intelligence
B) Linguistic Intelligence
C) Interpersonal Intelligence
D) Musical Intelligence
Answer: C) Interpersonal Intelligence
Explanation: Interpersonal intelligence is the ability to understand and interact effectively with others, including recognizing and interpreting emotions, motivations, and desires.
13. Which intelligence is associated with the ability to use one’s body effectively, such as in sports or dance?
A) Logical Intelligence
B) Kinesthetic Intelligence
C) Mathematical Intelligence
D) Musical Intelligence
Answer: B) Kinesthetic Intelligence
Explanation: Kinesthetic intelligence involves the ability to manipulate objects and use one’s body effectively, which is essential in physical activities such as sports or dance.
14. What is the primary focus of Sternberg’s “creative intelligence”?
A) Solving problems using abstract and conventional methods
B) Generating novel and innovative solutions to new problems
C) Effectively adapting to environmental changes
D) Using logic and reason in problem-solving
Answer: B) Generating novel and innovative solutions to new problems
Explanation: Creative intelligence involves the ability to deal with novel situations and come up with innovative solutions, focusing on flexibility and originality.
15. Which intelligence involves the ability to analyze and solve problems using logic and reasoning?
A) Musical Intelligence
B) Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
C) Spatial Intelligence
D) Intrapersonal Intelligence
Answer: B) Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
Explanation: Logical-mathematical intelligence is the ability to reason logically, think critically, and perform mathematical calculations, often linked to traditional measures of IQ.
16. How does Robert Sternberg define “practical intelligence”?
A) Ability to deal with everyday tasks and common problems
B) Ability to solve abstract problems in a laboratory setting
C) Ability to adapt to new situations creatively
D) Ability to analyze and evaluate information
Answer: A) Ability to deal with everyday tasks and common problems
Explanation: Sternberg’s practical intelligence refers to the ability to handle everyday tasks and common challenges, similar to “street smarts.”
17. In Sternberg’s theory, what is the main goal of analytical intelligence?
A) Creating new ideas
B) Solving academic and intellectual problems
C) Understanding social situations
D) Dealing with novel situations
Answer: B) Solving academic and intellectual problems
Explanation: Analytical intelligence focuses on cognitive abilities related to academic tasks and abstract problem-solving.
18. In Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory, which intelligence is used to understand the natural world?
A) Musical Intelligence
B) Naturalistic Intelligence
C) Spatial Intelligence
D) Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
Answer: B) Naturalistic Intelligence
Explanation: Naturalistic intelligence involves the ability to understand and interact with nature, recognizing patterns in the natural world.
19. What distinguishes the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence from traditional IQ tests?
A) It only focuses on academic problem-solving
B) It includes creativity and practical skills, not just cognitive ability
C) It emphasizes social intelligence
D) It is based on standardized testing
Answer: B) It includes creativity and practical skills, not just cognitive ability
Explanation: Sternberg’s theory broadens the concept of intelligence to include not just cognitive skills but also creativity and practical, real-world skills.
20. According to Sternberg, what is the relationship between creativity and intelligence?
A) Creativity is a subcategory of analytical intelligence
B) Creativity is unrelated to intelligence
C) Creativity is essential for problem-solving and intellectual achievement
D) Creativity only exists in the arts
Answer: C) Creativity is essential for problem-solving and intellectual achievement
Explanation: Sternberg views creativity as essential to solving problems, developing new ideas, and contributing to intellectual achievement.
21. Which of the following is NOT one of the intelligences identified by Gardner?
A) Linguistic Intelligence
B) Interpersonal Intelligence
C) Spatial Intelligence
D) Technological Intelligence
Answer: D) Technological Intelligence
Explanation: While Gardner identified a wide range of intelligences, technological intelligence is not one of them, although some consider it to be a combination of other intelligences.
22. In Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory, which type of intelligence is essential for adapting to changing environments?
A) Creative Intelligence
B) Analytical Intelligence
C) Practical Intelligence
D) Emotional Intelligence
Answer: C) Practical Intelligence
Explanation: Practical intelligence helps individuals adapt to changing environments and everyday situations, often referred to as “common sense” or “street smarts.”
23. According to Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences, which intelligence is most related to scientific skills?
A) Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
B) Musical Intelligence
C) Intrapersonal Intelligence
D) Interpersonal Intelligence
Answer: A) Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
Explanation: Logical-mathematical intelligence involves the ability to think logically and solve mathematical problems, which is crucial for scientific work.
24. Sternberg’s theory differs from Gardner’s theory in its emphasis on:
A) A single form of intelligence
B) Multiple intelligences
C) Standardized testing
D) The application of intelligence in real-world contexts
Answer: D) The application of intelligence in real-world contexts
Explanation: Sternberg emphasizes the practical application of intelligence through his Triarchic Theory, whereas Gardner focuses on a broad range of intelligences.
25. Which intelligence would be most important for a successful leader?
A) Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
B) Interpersonal Intelligence
C) Naturalistic Intelligence
D) Musical Intelligence
Answer: B) Interpersonal Intelligence
Explanation: Interpersonal intelligence is crucial for understanding and interacting effectively with others, which is key for leadership and social influence.
26. In Gardner’s theory, which intelligence involves the ability to create music and understand rhythm?
A) Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
B) Musical Intelligence
C) Spatial Intelligence
D) Linguistic Intelligence
Answer: B) Musical Intelligence
Explanation: Musical intelligence involves the ability to create, understand, and appreciate music, as well as discern pitch, rhythm, and timbre.
27. According to Sternberg, which intelligence helps individuals adjust their behavior based on the demands of the environment?
A) Analytical Intelligence
B) Practical Intelligence
C) Creative Intelligence
D) Linguistic Intelligence
Answer: B) Practical Intelligence
Explanation: Practical intelligence helps individuals apply their knowledge to solve everyday problems and adjust their behavior to fit the environment.
28. According to Howard Gardner, which type of intelligence would be most important for a biologist?
A) Spatial Intelligence
B) Naturalistic Intelligence
C) Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
D) Linguistic Intelligence
Answer: B) Naturalistic Intelligence
Explanation: Naturalistic intelligence is crucial for understanding nature, which is key for fields like biology and environmental science.
29. What is one criticism of Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Theory?
A) It fails to consider the role of creativity in intelligence.
B) It provides a rigid framework for understanding intelligence.
C) It lacks sufficient empirical research and scientific validation.
D) It oversimplifies the relationship between IQ and behavior.
Answer: C) It lacks sufficient empirical research and scientific validation.
Explanation: While Gardner’s theory is influential, critics argue that it lacks rigorous empirical research and scientific validation to support the distinct nature of each intelligence.
30. In Sternberg’s model, which type of intelligence would be most useful in generating new ideas for an invention?
A) Practical Intelligence
B) Creative Intelligence
C) Analytical Intelligence
D) Linguistic Intelligence
Answer: B) Creative Intelligence
Explanation: Creative intelligence is essential for coming up with novel ideas and solutions, which are crucial for innovation and invention.
