1. What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
- a) Lipid synthesis
- b) Protein synthesis
- c) Detoxification
- d) Carbohydrate synthesis
- Answer: b) Protein synthesis
2. Which of the following is characteristic of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
- a) Contains ribosomes
- b) Involved in lipid metabolism
- c) Involved in protein folding
- d) Synthesizes ribosomal RNA
- Answer: b) Involved in lipid metabolism
3. Which of the following processes does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum NOT participate in?
- a) Detoxification of drugs
- b) Steroid hormone synthesis
- c) Protein synthesis
- d) Carbohydrate metabolism
- Answer: c) Protein synthesis
4. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is primarily involved in synthesizing proteins for which locations?
- a) Nucleus
- b) Cytoplasm
- c) Cell membrane and extracellular secretion
- d) Mitochondria
- Answer: c) Cell membrane and extracellular secretion
5. Which of the following structures are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
- a) Golgi bodies
- b) Ribosomes
- c) Mitochondria
- d) Lysosomes
- Answer: b) Ribosomes
6. Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
- a) Synthesis of phospholipids
- b) Protein packaging
- c) Protein folding
- d) Synthesis of RNA
- Answer: a) Synthesis of phospholipids
7. Which of the following organs would contain the highest amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
- a) Brain
- b) Liver
- c) Heart
- d) Skeletal muscles
- Answer: b) Liver
8. Where in the cell does the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) deliver its synthesized proteins?
- a) Nucleus
- b) Cytoplasm
- c) Golgi apparatus
- d) Mitochondria
- Answer: c) Golgi apparatus
9. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) plays a key role in the detoxification of drugs and poisons in which organ?
- a) Heart
- b) Brain
- c) Liver
- d) Lungs
- Answer: c) Liver
10. Which of the following is NOT a role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
- a) Protein modification
- b) Protein folding
- c) Steroid hormone production
- d) Transporting synthesized proteins
- Answer: c) Steroid hormone production
11. Which of the following is the main structural difference between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?
- a) Presence of mitochondria
- b) Presence of ribosomes
- c) Type of proteins synthesized
- d) Shape of the organelle
- Answer: b) Presence of ribosomes
12. Which of the following does the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) produce?
- a) Lipids
- b) Steroid hormones
- c) Secretory proteins
- d) Carbohydrates
- Answer: c) Secretory proteins
13. Which of the following molecules is synthesized by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
- a) Proteins
- b) RNA
- c) Phospholipids
- d) Ribosomes
- Answer: c) Phospholipids
14. What is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in the synthesis of glycoproteins?
- a) Packaging of proteins
- b) Glycosylation of proteins
- c) Folding of proteins
- d) Secretion of proteins
- Answer: b) Glycosylation of proteins
15. Which of the following types of cells would have a large number of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
- a) Muscle cells
- b) Cells of the adrenal gland
- c) Neurons
- d) Epithelial cells
- Answer: b) Cells of the adrenal gland
16. Which process occurs in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) to help regulate calcium levels?
- a) Calcium storage
- b) Calcium release
- c) Calcium absorption
- d) Both a and b
- Answer: d) Both a and b
17. In which of the following cells would you expect to find the most rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
- a) Muscle cells
- b) Insulin-producing pancreatic cells
- c) Red blood cells
- d) Neurons
- Answer: b) Insulin-producing pancreatic cells
18. What is the primary function of ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
- a) Protein synthesis
- b) Lipid synthesis
- c) DNA replication
- d) Cellular respiration
- Answer: a) Protein synthesis
19. Which organelle assists the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in lipid metabolism?
- a) Golgi apparatus
- b) Mitochondria
- c) Lysosomes
- d) Nucleus
- Answer: b) Mitochondria
20. Which of the following is synthesized by both the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (RER and SER)?
- a) Ribosomes
- b) Proteins
- c) Phospholipids
- d) Carbohydrates
- Answer: c) Phospholipids
21. What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in muscle cells?
- a) Protein synthesis
- b) Calcium ion storage and release
- c) Lipid synthesis
- d) Glycoprotein production
- Answer: b) Calcium ion storage and release
22. Which of the following activities would be disrupted if the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) were damaged?
- a) Steroid hormone production
- b) Protein synthesis for secretion
- c) Detoxification
- d) Carbohydrate breakdown
- Answer: b) Protein synthesis for secretion
23. Which of the following types of molecules is predominantly processed by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
- a) Nucleic acids
- b) Carbohydrates
- c) Proteins
- d) Lipids
- Answer: d) Lipids
24. Which of the following enzymes is found in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and is involved in detoxification?
- a) DNA polymerase
- b) Cytochrome P450 enzymes
- c) RNA polymerase
- d) ATP synthase
- Answer: b) Cytochrome P450 enzymes
25. Which type of molecule is synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and then modified in the Golgi apparatus?
- a) Phospholipids
- b) Steroid hormones
- c) Ribosomal RNA
- d) Glycoproteins
- Answer: d) Glycoproteins
26. What is one of the major differences between the functions of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
- a) RER is involved in the synthesis of proteins for secretion, while SER is involved in the synthesis of lipids and detoxification.
- b) SER synthesizes proteins, while RER synthesizes lipids.
- c) SER is involved in protein folding, while RER synthesizes lipids.
- d) Both have identical functions.
- Answer: a) RER is involved in the synthesis of proteins for secretion, while SER is involved in the synthesis of lipids and detoxification.
27. Which of the following is a feature of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in cells that secrete steroid hormones?
- a) Large number of ribosomes
- b) High content of enzymes for steroid biosynthesis
- c) Abundant lysosomes
- d) Storage of secretory proteins
- Answer: b) High content of enzymes for steroid biosynthesis
28. Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
- a) Synthesis of hormones
- b) Protein synthesis
- c) Detoxification of drugs
- d) Carbohydrate metabolism
- Answer: b) Protein synthesis
29. Which of the following would most likely increase the amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in a cell?
- a) Increased lipid production
- b) Increased protein synthesis for secretion
- c) Increased calcium storage
- d) Increased detoxification activity
- Answer: b) Increased protein synthesis for secretion
30. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is involved in which of the following processes related to calcium ions?
- a) Synthesizing calcium ions
- b) Storing and releasing calcium ions
- c) Transporting calcium ions into the nucleus
- d) Converting calcium ions into proteins
- Answer: b) Storing and releasing calcium ions
