1. Which term refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, and attributes considered appropriate for men and women?
a) Gender
b) Sex
c) Sexual orientation
d) Chromosomes
Answer: a) Gender
Explanation: Gender refers to the roles, behaviors, and attributes society assigns to individuals based on their perceived sex. It is distinct from biological sex, which is determined by physical and genetic traits.
2. What is the primary difference between ‘sex’ and ‘gender’?
a) Sex is physical; gender is social.
b) Sex is psychological; gender is biological.
c) Sex and gender are interchangeable.
d) Sex refers to behavior, while gender refers to anatomy.
Answer: a) Sex is physical; gender is social.
Explanation: Sex refers to biological differences such as chromosomes and reproductive organs, while gender is a social and cultural construct.
3. The term ‘gender identity’ refers to:
a) A person’s biological characteristics.
b) A person’s romantic attraction.
c) A person’s deeply held sense of their gender.
d) A person’s societal roles.
Answer: c) A person’s deeply held sense of their gender.
Explanation: Gender identity is an internal understanding and experience of one’s own gender, which may or may not align with their biological sex.
4. Which psychological perspective focuses on how gender roles are learned through observation and imitation?
a) Biological perspective
b) Psychodynamic perspective
c) Cognitive perspective
d) Social learning perspective
Answer: d) Social learning perspective
Explanation: The social learning perspective emphasizes that individuals learn gender roles by observing others and imitating their behaviors, often reinforced by rewards or punishments.
5. What is the term for the expectation that women should be nurturing and men should be assertive?
a) Gender schema
b) Gender roles
c) Gender identity
d) Gender bias
Answer: b) Gender roles
Explanation: Gender roles are societal expectations regarding the behaviors and attitudes deemed appropriate for individuals based on their gender.
6. What is the focus of gender schema theory?
a) How genetics influence gender behavior
b) How children develop cognitive frameworks about gender
c) How society enforces gender norms
d) How hormones determine gender identity
Answer: b) How children develop cognitive frameworks about gender
Explanation: Gender schema theory suggests that children form mental frameworks or schemas about what is considered appropriate for each gender, influencing their behavior.
7. Which term refers to prejudice or discrimination based on a person’s gender?
a) Gender equity
b) Gender stereotyping
c) Sexism
d) Gender identity
Answer: c) Sexism
Explanation: Sexism involves prejudice or discrimination against individuals based on their gender, often perpetuating inequality.
8. The belief that there are only two genders is known as:
a) Gender essentialism
b) Gender binary
c) Gender fluidity
d) Gender neutrality
Answer: b) Gender binary
Explanation: The gender binary is the classification of gender into two distinct, opposite, and disconnected forms: male and female.
9. What does the term ‘gender fluidity’ mean?
a) Changing one’s biological sex
b) Identifying with multiple gender identities
c) Shifting between gender roles over time
d) Experiencing gender as a spectrum
Answer: d) Experiencing gender as a spectrum
Explanation: Gender fluidity refers to a dynamic understanding of gender, where an individual’s identity or expression may change over time.
10. Which hormone is traditionally associated with male traits but is also present in females?
a) Estrogen
b) Oxytocin
c) Testosterone
d) Progesterone
Answer: c) Testosterone
Explanation: Testosterone is commonly linked to male physical traits but is also found in females, playing roles in muscle development and mood regulation.
11. Who introduced the concept of ‘gender performativity’?
a) Carol Gilligan
b) Judith Butler
c) Sigmund Freud
d) Sandra Bem
Answer: b) Judith Butler
Explanation: Judith Butler proposed that gender is not innate but is performed through repetitive acts, influenced by cultural and social norms.
12. Which type of feminism focuses on the intersection of race, class, and gender?
a) Liberal feminism
b) Radical feminism
c) Intersectional feminism
d) Socialist feminism
Answer: c) Intersectional feminism
Explanation: Intersectional feminism examines how overlapping social identities, such as race, class, and gender, create unique experiences of oppression.
13. The concept of ‘toxic masculinity’ refers to:
a) Positive traits of masculinity
b) Harmful societal norms that pressure men to conform to traditional gender roles
c) Biological traits of men
d) Gender neutrality
Answer: b) Harmful societal norms that pressure men to conform to traditional gender roles
Explanation: Toxic masculinity refers to societal expectations that promote aggression, emotional suppression, and dominance in men, often to the detriment of their well-being.
14. What does ‘androgyny’ mean in the context of gender?
a) Having ambiguous physical traits
b) Combining masculine and feminine characteristics
c) Rejecting gender roles entirely
d) Identifying with neither gender
Answer: b) Combining masculine and feminine characteristics
Explanation: Androgyny refers to individuals exhibiting a blend of traits traditionally associated with both masculinity and femininity.
15. Who developed the concept of gender schema theory?
a) Albert Bandura
b) Sandra Bem
c) Erik Erikson
d) Jean Piaget
Answer: b) Sandra Bem
Explanation: Sandra Bem introduced gender schema theory, which describes how individuals internalize societal norms regarding gender.
16. What is the term for unfair treatment based on assumptions about gender capabilities?
a) Gender neutrality
b) Gender bias
c) Gender conformity
d) Gender expression
Answer: b) Gender bias
Explanation: Gender bias involves preconceived notions about the abilities or roles of individuals based on their gender.
17. The term ‘patriarchy’ refers to:
a) A gender-neutral society
b) A system where men hold primary power
c) Equal distribution of power between genders
d) A society without gender roles
Answer: b) A system where men hold primary power
Explanation: Patriarchy describes a societal structure where men predominantly hold authority in political, economic, and social domains.
18. Which term describes a person’s external presentation of gender?
a) Gender identity
b) Gender roles
c) Gender expression
d) Gender conformity
Answer: c) Gender expression
Explanation: Gender expression involves how individuals present their gender through appearance, clothing, and behavior.
19. Which psychologist is known for studying gender differences in moral reasoning?
a) Lawrence Kohlberg
b) Carol Gilligan
c) Erik Erikson
d) Sigmund Freud
Answer: b) Carol Gilligan
Explanation: Carol Gilligan argued that traditional theories of moral development, like Kohlberg’s, overlooked gender differences in ethical reasoning.
20. What does ‘gender dysphoria’ refer to?
a) A dislike of traditional gender roles
b) A mismatch between one’s gender identity and biological sex
c) Fluid gender expression
d) Disinterest in gender debates
Answer: b) A mismatch between one’s gender identity and biological sex
Explanation: Gender dysphoria is a psychological condition where individuals experience discomfort due to a conflict between their gender identity and biological sex.
