1. Carl Rogers’ humanistic approach primarily focuses on:
A. Biological drives
B. Environmental stimuli
C. Individual’s self-concept
D. Unconscious motives
Answer: C. Individual’s self-concept
Explanation: Rogers emphasized the importance of self-concept, which includes one’s perceptions and beliefs about oneself, as the cornerstone of personality development.
2. What is the term Rogers used for the ideal self?
A. True self
B. Self-actualized self
C. Perfect self
D. Ideal self
Answer: D. Ideal self
Explanation: The ideal self is the version of oneself that one aspires to be, influenced by personal goals and societal expectations.
3. Which of the following is NOT a condition for personal growth according to Rogers?
A. Empathy
B. Congruence
C. Positive regard
D. Discipline
Answer: D. Discipline
Explanation: Rogers identified empathy, congruence, and unconditional positive regard as the three core conditions for fostering personal growth.
4. In Rogers’ view, congruence refers to:
A. Matching behavior with societal norms
B. Harmony between real and ideal self
C. Adherence to moral values
D. Balancing emotions
Answer: B. Harmony between real and ideal self
Explanation: Congruence occurs when an individual’s real self aligns closely with their ideal self, leading to a sense of authenticity.
5. What did Rogers mean by unconditional positive regard?
A. Providing guidance regardless of the situation
B. Accepting others without judgment
C. Offering constructive criticism
D. Prioritizing one\u2019s own needs
Answer: B. Accepting others without judgment
Explanation: Unconditional positive regard involves accepting and valuing a person without imposing conditions of worth or judgment.
6. Rogers viewed self-actualization as:
A. Achieving social success
B. Fulfilling one\u2019s potential
C. Attaining financial security
D. Overcoming unconscious conflicts
Answer: B. Fulfilling one\u2019s potential
Explanation: Self-actualization is the process of realizing and achieving one\u2019s full potential, a central theme in Rogers’ theory.
7. Which therapy did Carl Rogers pioneer?
A. Behavioral therapy
B. Psychoanalysis
C. Client-centered therapy
D. Cognitive therapy
Answer: C. Client-centered therapy
Explanation: Rogers developed client-centered therapy, emphasizing empathy, active listening, and a non-directive approach.
8. In client-centered therapy, the therapist should:
A. Give direct advice
B. Act as an expert
C. Facilitate self-discovery
D. Focus on past traumas
Answer: C. Facilitate self-discovery
Explanation: The therapist\u2019s role is to provide a supportive environment that helps clients explore and resolve their issues independently.
9. The concept of a fully functioning person includes:
A. Living rigidly
B. Embracing change
C. Suppressing emotions
D. Seeking approval
Answer: B. Embracing change
Explanation: A fully functioning person is open to experiences, embraces change, and lives authentically without fear of judgment.
10. Conditions of worth are:
A. External rewards for good behavior
B. Standards set by others for acceptance
C. Personal values guiding behavior
D. Internalized moral principles
Answer: B. Standards set by others for acceptance
Explanation: Conditions of worth are the expectations imposed by others that one feels must be met to gain acceptance or approval.
11. What is the main goal of client-centered therapy?
A. Behavior modification
B. Self-discovery and growth
C. Conflict resolution
D. Cognitive restructuring
Answer: B. Self-discovery and growth
Explanation: The therapy aims to help clients understand themselves and foster personal growth by providing a supportive environment.
12. According to Rogers, the real self is:
A. The self one wishes to be
B. The self influenced by society
C. The authentic, true self
D. The self hidden in the unconscious
Answer: C. The authentic, true self
Explanation: The real self represents who a person genuinely is, free from external expectations and pressures.
13. Empathy in Rogers\u2019 therapy refers to:
A. Sharing similar experiences
B. Understanding another\u2019s feelings
C. Judging others kindly
D. Providing practical solutions
Answer: B. Understanding another\u2019s feelings
Explanation: Empathy involves deeply understanding and resonating with another person’s emotional experiences without judgment.
14. Rogers believed that psychological problems arise when:
A. The Id overpowers the Ego
B. There is incongruence between self-concept and experience
C. Childhood traumas remain unresolved
D. Cognitive distortions develop
Answer: B. There is incongruence between self-concept and experience
Explanation: Incongruence, or a mismatch between how one views oneself and actual experiences, leads to internal conflict and psychological distress.
15. Positive regard in Rogers\u2019 theory is:
A. Praising achievements
B. Feeling valued by others
C. Giving unconditional support
D. Avoiding negative interactions
Answer: B. Feeling valued by others
Explanation: Positive regard refers to the sense of being valued and loved, which is crucial for healthy personality development.
16. Rogers\u2019 theory belongs to which school of thought?
A. Psychoanalytic
B. Behavioral
C. Humanistic
D. Cognitive
Answer: C. Humanistic
Explanation: Rogers\u2019 approach is rooted in humanistic psychology, focusing on individual potential and self-growth.
17. Which phrase best summarizes Rogers\u2019 view on human nature?
A. Humans are driven by unconscious desires.
B. Humans are inherently good.
C. Humans are products of their environment.
D. Humans are irrational beings.
Answer: B. Humans are inherently good.
Explanation: Rogers believed that humans possess an innate tendency toward growth and positivity when provided with supportive conditions.
18. Which aspect is NOT emphasized in Rogers\u2019 approach?
A. Free will
B. Determinism
C. Authenticity
D. Personal responsibility
Answer: B. Determinism
Explanation: Rogers\u2019 humanistic approach focuses on free will and self-determination rather than deterministic forces.
19. Rogers\u2019 theory emphasizes the role of:
A. Past experiences
B. Present experiences
C. Future aspirations
D. Repressed memories
Answer: B. Present experiences
Explanation: His approach stresses living in the present and focusing on current feelings and experiences.
20. Which is a key characteristic of a fully functioning person?
A. Avoiding risks
B. Open to experiences
C. Seeking external validation
D. Resisting change
Answer: B. Open to experiences
Explanation: A fully functioning person is open to all experiences, whether positive or negative, as a means of personal growth.
