1. What is the primary goal of recombinant DNA technology?
a) To clone animals
b) To create genetically modified organisms
c) To modify the structure of cells
d) To sequence genomes
Answer: b) To create genetically modified organisms
2. Which enzyme is used to cut DNA at specific sequences in recombinant DNA technology?
a) DNA polymerase
b) Ligase
c) Restriction enzyme
d) RNA polymerase
Answer: c) Restriction enzyme
3. What is a plasmid?
a) A type of protein
b) A circular DNA molecule
c) A type of RNA
d) A part of the cell membrane
Answer: b) A circular DNA molecule
4. Which of the following is an application of recombinant DNA technology?
a) Gene therapy
b) Insulin production
c) GMO crops
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
5. What is the process of inserting foreign DNA into a host organism’s genome called?
a) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
b) Gene editing
c) Transformation
d) Cloning
Answer: c) Transformation
6. What is the role of the enzyme DNA ligase in recombinant DNA technology?
a) It cuts DNA into smaller fragments
b) It replicates DNA
c) It joins DNA fragments together
d) It synthesizes RNA
Answer: c) It joins DNA fragments together
7. Which of the following is NOT used in recombinant DNA technology?
a) Restriction enzymes
b) DNA ligase
c) RNA polymerase
d) Reverse transcriptase
Answer: c) RNA polymerase
8. Which organism is most commonly used in recombinant DNA technology to produce proteins like insulin?
a) Escherichia coli (E. coli)
b) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast)
c) Mouse cells
d) Human cells
Answer: a) Escherichia coli (E. coli)
9. What is the purpose of using a vector in recombinant DNA technology?
a) To amplify the DNA
b) To transport foreign DNA into a host cell
c) To break down DNA
d) To replicate host DNA
Answer: b) To transport foreign DNA into a host cell
10. Which of the following is a commonly used vector in recombinant DNA technology?
a) Plasmids
b) Viruses
c) Bacteria
d) Both a and b
Answer: d) Both a and b
11. Which method is used to introduce recombinant DNA into plant cells?
a) Electroporation
b) Gene gun
c) Bacterial transformation
d) Both b and c
Answer: d) Both b and c
12. What is gene cloning?
a) The process of making an identical copy of a gene
b) The process of cloning animals
c) The process of inserting foreign genes into plants
d) The process of studying gene function
Answer: a) The process of making an identical copy of a gene
13. Which type of cells are typically used for gene therapy?
a) Eukaryotic cells
b) Stem cells
c) Prokaryotic cells
d) Somatic cells
Answer: b) Stem cells
14. What is the main purpose of using a DNA probe in recombinant DNA technology?
a) To cut DNA into fragments
b) To identify specific genes or sequences
c) To replicate DNA
d) To create a recombinant plasmid
Answer: b) To identify specific genes or sequences
15. Which of the following can be produced using recombinant DNA technology?
a) Human insulin
b) Human growth hormone
c) Vaccines
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
16. In recombinant DNA technology, which enzyme is used to make complementary DNA (cDNA) from an mRNA template?
a) DNA polymerase
b) RNA polymerase
c) Reverse transcriptase
d) Ligase
Answer: c) Reverse transcriptase
17. What is the term for a genetically modified organism (GMO)?
a) A species with altered genes
b) An organism produced by traditional breeding
c) An organism that has undergone natural selection
d) None of the above
Answer: a) A species with altered genes
18. What is the first step in recombinant DNA technology?
a) Insertion of recombinant DNA into the host
b) Cutting of DNA using restriction enzymes
c) Transformation of the host cell
d) Screening for recombinant clones
Answer: b) Cutting of DNA using restriction enzymes
19. Which of the following is an example of a recombinant product used in medicine?
a) Penicillin
b) Insulin
c) Aspirin
d) Vitamin C
Answer: b) Insulin
20. What is the main challenge in using recombinant DNA technology for gene therapy?
a) Ethical concerns
b) Difficulty in targeting specific cells
c) High cost of production
d) Low efficiency of gene delivery
Answer: b) Difficulty in targeting specific cells
21. In recombinant DNA technology, what is the function of an antibiotic resistance gene in a vector?
a) To aid in the replication of the recombinant DNA
b) To protect the host from the foreign DNA
c) To select for cells that have successfully taken up the vector
d) To produce the desired protein
Answer: c) To select for cells that have successfully taken up the vector
22. Which of the following is the term for the physical transfer of DNA into cells in recombinant DNA technology?
a) Transformation
b) Transfection
c) Transduction
d) Translation
Answer: a) Transformation
23. What is one of the primary applications of recombinant DNA technology in agriculture?
a) Increasing the shelf life of fruits
b) Developing drought-resistant crops
c) Reducing the use of fertilizers
d) Reducing the size of crops
Answer: b) Developing drought-resistant crops
24. Which of the following is true about the process of transgenesis?
a) It involves creating identical copies of genes
b) It is the process of transferring foreign genes into a host organism
c) It occurs naturally without human intervention
d) It only works in plants
Answer: b) It is the process of transferring foreign genes into a host organism
25. Which application of recombinant DNA technology involves the production of clotting factors in hemophiliacs?
a) Gene therapy
b) Recombinant protein therapy
c) RNA interference
d) DNA fingerprinting
Answer: b) Recombinant protein therapy
26. Which of the following is NOT a type of genetic engineering technique used in recombinant DNA technology?
a) PCR
b) Electroporation
c) Gel electrophoresis
d) Gene cloning
Answer: c) Gel electrophoresis
27. What is the purpose of using agarose gel electrophoresis in recombinant DNA technology?
a) To separate DNA fragments based on size
b) To amplify specific genes
c) To introduce foreign DNA into cells
d) To synthesize recombinant DNA
Answer: a) To separate DNA fragments based on size
28. What is an example of a genetically modified (GM) crop?
a) Bt cotton
b) Golden rice
c) Roundup-ready soybeans
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
29. Which method is commonly used for the mass production of recombinant proteins?
a) Plant cell culture
b) Yeast fermentation
c) Bacterial fermentation
d) Animal cell culture
Answer: c) Bacterial fermentation
30. Which of the following is a concern associated with recombinant DNA technology in agriculture?
a) Increased biodiversity
b) Environmental risks
c) Higher nutritional value
d) No concerns
Answer: b) Environmental risks
