1. What are proteins primarily composed of?
a) Carbohydrates
b) Nucleic acids
c) Amino acids
d) Fatty acids
Answer: c) Amino acids
2. Which of the following is the monomer of proteins?
a) Monosaccharides
b) Amino acids
c) Nucleotides
d) Fatty acids
Answer: b) Amino acids
3. The primary structure of a protein refers to:
a) The sequence of amino acids
b) The alpha-helix or beta-pleated sheet structure
c) The interaction between multiple polypeptide chains
d) The overall 3D shape of the protein
Answer: a) The sequence of amino acids
4. Which type of bond holds the amino acids together in a protein’s primary structure?
a) Hydrogen bond
b) Covalent bond
c) Peptide bond
d) Ionic bond
Answer: c) Peptide bond
5. The secondary structure of a protein is stabilized by:
a) Peptide bonds
b) Hydrogen bonds
c) Ionic bonds
d) Disulfide bonds
Answer: b) Hydrogen bonds
6. What is the shape of a protein determined by its tertiary structure?
a) Linear
b) Secondary
c) Three-dimensional
d) Alpha-helix
Answer: c) Three-dimensional
7. Which of the following is a type of protein that functions as a biological catalyst?
a) Enzyme
b) Antibody
c) Hemoglobin
d) Collagen
Answer: a) Enzyme
8. What type of protein structure involves the interaction between multiple polypeptide chains?
a) Primary structure
b) Secondary structure
c) Tertiary structure
d) Quaternary structure
Answer: d) Quaternary structure
9. Which protein is responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells?
a) Actin
b) Myosin
c) Hemoglobin
d) Collagen
Answer: c) Hemoglobin
10. The structure of a protein is denatured when:
a) It is exposed to high temperature or extreme pH
b) It forms a peptide bond
c) It forms a disulfide bridge
d) It interacts with other proteins
Answer: a) It is exposed to high temperature or extreme pH
11. Collagen is a type of protein found in:
a) Muscles
b) Bones and connective tissues
c) Hair
d) Nerves
Answer: b) Bones and connective tissues
12. Which of the following is not a function of proteins?
a) Enzymatic catalysis
b) Hormonal regulation
c) DNA replication
d) Energy storage
Answer: d) Energy storage
13. What is the name of the protein that aids in muscle contraction?
a) Collagen
b) Actin
c) Insulin
d) Myosin
Answer: b) Actin
14. Which of the following is a globular protein?
a) Collagen
b) Keratin
c) Hemoglobin
d) Cellulose
Answer: c) Hemoglobin
15. What is the primary function of antibodies in the immune system?
a) Provide energy
b) Act as enzymes
c) Transport oxygen
d) Recognize and neutralize foreign invaders
Answer: d) Recognize and neutralize foreign invaders
16. Which of the following is a fibrous protein?
a) Insulin
b) Actin
c) Keratin
d) Hemoglobin
Answer: c) Keratin
17. Which part of an amino acid determines its chemical properties?
a) Carboxyl group
b) Amino group
c) R group (side chain)
d) Peptide bond
Answer: c) R group (side chain)
18. What type of protein helps transport materials across cell membranes?
a) Receptor proteins
b) Structural proteins
c) Transport proteins
d) Enzymes
Answer: c) Transport proteins
19. Which of the following is true about enzymes?
a) They are consumed during the reaction.
b) They increase the activation energy of reactions.
c) They are proteins that speed up chemical reactions.
d) They function only in acidic conditions.
Answer: c) They are proteins that speed up chemical reactions.
20. What happens when a protein loses its three-dimensional structure?
a) It becomes more stable
b) It becomes denatured
c) It becomes more active
d) It gains more function
Answer: b) It becomes denatured
21. What is the function of chaperone proteins?
a) To denature proteins
b) To assist in protein folding
c) To carry oxygen
d) To form cell membranes
Answer: b) To assist in protein folding
22. Which protein is responsible for the movement of chromosomes during cell division?
a) Myosin
b) Actin
c) Tubulin
d) Elastin
Answer: c) Tubulin
23. The structure of proteins is primarily determined by the:
a) DNA sequence
b) Shape of the ribosome
c) Location in the cell
d) Type of enzyme present
Answer: a) DNA sequence
24. What is a protein that is used to store energy in muscle tissue?
a) Hemoglobin
b) Myosin
c) Ferritin
d) Casein
Answer: b) Myosin
25. The denaturation of a protein involves the loss of which structure?
a) Primary structure
b) Secondary structure
c) Tertiary structure
d) Quaternary structure
Answer: c) Tertiary structure
26. Which protein is involved in blood clotting?
a) Fibrinogen
b) Insulin
c) Collagen
d) Keratin
Answer: a) Fibrinogen
27. The functional diversity of proteins is due to:
a) The wide variety of amino acids in proteins
b) The type of bonds between amino acids
c) The number of peptide bonds
d) The structure of DNA
Answer: a) The wide variety of amino acids in proteins
28. Which of the following proteins provides structural support in plants?
a) Collagen
b) Actin
c) Cellulose
d) Myosin
Answer: c) Cellulose
29. What type of proteins are involved in cell communication and signaling?
a) Receptor proteins
b) Transport proteins
c) Structural proteins
d) Contractile proteins
Answer: a) Receptor proteins
30. Which protein is responsible for carrying electrons in cellular respiration?
a) Myosin
b) Hemoglobin
c) Cytochrome
d) Insulin
Answer: c) Cytochrome
These questions cover various aspects of protein structure, types, and biological functions, providing a solid understanding of the role proteins play in cellular and organismal functions.
Proteins: Types, Structure, and Functions in Biology
