1. What is the primary function of lysosomes in a cell?
A) Energy production
B) Protein synthesis
C) Waste breakdown and recycling
D) Photosynthesis
Answer: C) Waste breakdown and recycling
2. Which type of enzymes are predominantly found in lysosomes?
A) Lipases
B) Hydrolases
C) Kinases
D) Synthases
Answer: B) Hydrolases
3. Lysosomes are often referred to as the cell’s “suicide bags” because:
A) They produce energy for the cell
B) They destroy pathogens
C) They digest their own cell when damaged
D) They help in DNA replication
Answer: C) They digest their own cell when damaged
4. Lysosomes are most commonly found in which type of cells?
A) Plant cells
B) Bacterial cells
C) Animal cells
D) Fungal cells
Answer: C) Animal cells
5. The pH inside lysosomes is:
A) Neutral
B) Acidic
C) Basic
D) Variable
Answer: B) Acidic
6. The lysosomal membrane prevents:
A) Enzyme leakage into the cytoplasm
B) Protein synthesis
C) Energy production
D) DNA replication
Answer: A) Enzyme leakage into the cytoplasm
7. Which organelle produces lysosomal enzymes?
A) Mitochondria
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Ribosomes
D) Smooth ER
Answer: B) Golgi apparatus
8. Autophagy, a process involving lysosomes, refers to:
A) Cell division
B) Digestion of old organelles
C) Protein synthesis
D) Secretion of hormones
Answer: B) Digestion of old organelles
9. Lysosomal storage diseases are caused by:
A) Excess ATP production
B) Deficiency of lysosomal enzymes
C) Malfunctioning mitochondria
D) Overproduction of ribosomes
Answer: B) Deficiency of lysosomal enzymes
10. The lysosome’s membrane is stabilized by:
A) Proteins
B) Cholesterol
C) Phospholipids
D) Enzymes
Answer: A) Proteins
11. Which process do lysosomes facilitate in phagocytes?
A) Glycolysis
B) Protein synthesis
C) Breakdown of engulfed particles
D) DNA replication
Answer: C) Breakdown of engulfed particles
12. What is the origin of primary lysosomes?
A) Smooth ER
B) Rough ER
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Mitochondria
Answer: C) Golgi apparatus
13. Which molecule activates lysosomal enzymes?
A) ATP
B) Water
C) Hydrogen ions
D) Oxygen
Answer: C) Hydrogen ions
14. The absence of lysosomal enzymes leads to:
A) Rapid cell division
B) Accumulation of undigested materials
C) Increased ATP production
D) Enhanced protein synthesis
Answer: B) Accumulation of undigested materials
15. What role do lysosomes play in apoptosis?
A) Initiate DNA replication
B) Release hydrolytic enzymes
C) Synthesize proteins
D) Transport RNA
Answer: B) Release hydrolytic enzymes
16. Lysosomes are formed from which organelle?
A) Nucleus
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Ribosomes
D) Mitochondria
Answer: B) Golgi apparatus
17. Lysosomal enzymes are functional at:
A) Neutral pH
B) Basic pH
C) Acidic pH
D) Variable pH
Answer: C) Acidic pH
18. The enzyme responsible for digesting lipids in lysosomes is:
A) Lipase
B) Protease
C) Amylase
D) Nuclease
Answer: A) Lipase
19. Which of the following is NOT a function of lysosomes?
A) Intracellular digestion
B) Breakdown of cellular debris
C) ATP synthesis
D) Pathogen destruction
Answer: C) ATP synthesis
20. The process of engulfing cellular debris by lysosomes is called:
A) Exocytosis
B) Endocytosis
C) Autophagy
D) Phagocytosis
Answer: C) Autophagy
21. Lysosomes help in digesting engulfed bacteria in:
A) Neurons
B) Phagocytes
C) Plant cells
D) Epithelial cells
Answer: B) Phagocytes
22. Which disease is caused by a defect in lysosomal enzyme hexosaminidase A?
A) Cystic fibrosis
B) Tay-Sachs disease
C) Sickle cell anemia
D) Diabetes
Answer: B) Tay-Sachs disease
23. Lysosomes are absent in:
A) Plant cells
B) Animal cells
C) Fungal cells
D) Bacterial cells
Answer: D) Bacterial cells
24. Which process involves lysosomes in recycling damaged organelles?
A) Pinocytosis
B) Autophagy
C) Diffusion
D) Osmosis
Answer: B) Autophagy
25. What protects lysosomal enzymes from self-digestion?
A) Acidic pH
B) Phospholipid bilayer
C) Glycosylation of enzymes
D) Protein coat
Answer: C) Glycosylation of enzymes
26. Gaucher’s disease is linked to a defect in:
A) Mitochondria
B) Lysosomal enzymes
C) Ribosomes
D) Golgi apparatus
Answer: B) Lysosomal enzymes
27. Which lysosomal process aids in embryo development?
A) Phagocytosis
B) Endocytosis
C) Autolysis
D) Exocytosis
Answer: C) Autolysis
28. Lysosomes fuse with vesicles called:
A) Endosomes
B) Mitochondria
C) Chloroplasts
D) Peroxisomes
Answer: A) Endosomes
29. Which lysosomal enzyme digests nucleic acids?
A) Nuclease
B) Protease
C) Amylase
D) Lipase
Answer: A) Nuclease
30. Lysosomes are responsible for the removal of which cellular components?
A) Functional proteins
B) Cellular debris and waste
C) ATP molecules
D) Ribosomal RNA
Answer: B) Cellular debris and waste
