1. What is co-evolution?
A. Independent evolution of species
B. Evolution of one species due to another
C. Evolution without any interaction
D. Evolution caused by abiotic factors
Answer: B
2. Which of the following is an example of co-evolution?
A. Cactus and camel
B. Bees and flowering plants
C. Fish and amphibians
D. Frogs and toads
Answer: B
3. In co-evolution, what type of relationship is often seen between species?
A. Competitive
B. Symbiotic
C. Independent
D. None of the above
Answer: B
4. Which of the following plant adaptations is a result of co-evolution with herbivores?
A. Thorns in Acacia
B. Broad leaves in Banyan
C. Tap roots in carrots
D. Prop roots in mangroves
Answer: A
5. Co-evolution between predator and prey often leads to which phenomenon?
A. Stabilizing selection
B. Evolutionary arms race
C. Random genetic drift
D. Mutation accumulation
Answer: B
6. Which plant-pollinator pair represents co-evolution?
A. Roses and sparrows
B. Orchids and moths
C. Ferns and mosses
D. Grass and cows
Answer: B
7. What kind of relationship exists between ants and Acacia trees?
A. Mutualism
B. Parasitism
C. Commensalism
D. Predation
Answer: A
8. How does the yucca moth aid the yucca plant in co-evolution?
A. By dispersing seeds
B. By providing nutrients
C. By pollinating its flowers
D. By protecting against predators
Answer: C
9. The concept of “coevolutionary arms race” is often used in describing interactions between which types of species?
A. Pollinators and flowers
B. Predators and prey
C. Symbiotic organisms
D. Parasites and hosts
Answer: B
10. Which of these represents mimicry as a co-evolutionary trait?
A. Bees collecting nectar
B. Butterflies resembling toxic species
C. Ants nesting in trees
D. Bats using echolocation
Answer: B
11. The Red Queen Hypothesis relates to co-evolution in which context?
A. Evolutionary stasis
B. Continuous adaptation
C. Independent evolution
D. Population bottlenecks
Answer: B
12. What is a key example of co-evolution in predator-prey relationships?
A. Cheetah and gazelle speed
B. Owl and mouse population
C. Whale and krill dependence
D. Fox and rabbit camouflage
Answer: A
13. How do figs and fig wasps exhibit co-evolution?
A. By exchanging nutrients
B. Through pollination and reproduction
C. By competing for resources
D. By deterring predators
Answer: B
14. Which interaction highlights co-evolution in plants and herbivores?
A. Fruit color changes to attract birds
B. Latex production deterring herbivores
C. Plant height increase over time
D. Root elongation in dry soils
Answer: B
15. Co-evolution between parasites and hosts often leads to?
A. Balanced virulence
B. Host extinction
C. Parasite elimination
D. Coexistence without adaptation
Answer: A
16. The relationship between cleaner fish and larger fish is an example of?
A. Parasitism
B. Commensalism
C. Mutualism
D. Competition
Answer: C
17. Which evolutionary change in predators is driven by co-evolution with prey?
A. Camouflage to ambush
B. Thickened fur
C. Change in reproductive cycle
D. Stronger social bonds
Answer: A
18. In co-evolution, an example of mutualism would be?
A. Fungi and algae in lichens
B. Wolves and deer population
C. Birds feeding on worms
D. Fish and coral reefs
Answer: A
19. A plant evolving toxins to deter herbivores, while an herbivore evolves resistance, exemplifies?
A. Mutualistic co-evolution
B. Antagonistic co-evolution
C. Symbiotic interaction
D. Independent adaptation
Answer: B
20. Which co-evolutionary relationship involves mimicry?
A. Milkweed and monarch butterflies
B. Sharks and remora fish
C. Ants and aphids
D. Orchids and hummingbirds
Answer: A
21. How do bats and night-blooming flowers show co-evolution?
A. By synchronizing activity cycles
B. Through color adaptations
C. Via nocturnal pollination
D. Through root system changes
Answer: C
22. Which of the following is an evolutionary outcome of co-evolution?
A. Increased genetic diversity
B. Stabilization of populations
C. Development of new traits
D. All of the above
Answer: D
23. How does mycorrhizal fungi benefit plants in a co-evolutionary relationship?
A. By fixing nitrogen
B. By enhancing nutrient absorption
C. By reducing soil pH
D. By deterring pests
Answer: B
24. Co-evolution between flowering plants and bees primarily leads to?
A. Increase in pollen dispersal
B. Competition between plants
C. Decrease in bee population
D. Reduction in plant diversity
Answer: A
25. What type of co-evolution occurs when predator-prey traits escalate over time?
A. Mutualistic
B. Antagonistic
C. Neutral
D. Symbiotic
Answer: B
26. Which evolutionary adaptation supports co-evolution in hummingbirds and tubular flowers?
A. Short beak evolution
B. Long, slender beaks
C. Wing pattern changes
D. Color blindness
Answer: B
27. Co-evolutionary interactions in seed dispersal occur between?
A. Squirrels and pine trees
B. Cats and mice
C. Snakes and rodents
D. Lizards and rocks
Answer: A
28. Which relationship highlights evolutionary dependence in co-evolution?
A. Host-specific parasites
B. Generalist herbivores
C. Seasonal migration patterns
D. Solitary animals
Answer: A
29. Which of the following scenarios represents evolutionary mimicry in co-evolution?
A. Frogs laying eggs in water
B. Insects mimicking leaves
C. Fish swimming in schools
D. Snakes hibernating in winter
Answer: B
30. The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an example of co-evolution with?
A. Antibiotics
B. Host immunity
C. Viral infections
D. Environmental stressors
Answer: A
