1. What is bioremediation?
a) Use of plants to clean the environment
b) Use of microbes to degrade pollutants
c) Use of chemicals to treat soil
d) Use of fertilizers to enhance growth
Answer: b) Use of microbes to degrade pollutants
2. Which type of bioremediation involves adding nutrients to the contaminated site?
a) Bioaugmentation
b) Biostimulation
c) Phytoremediation
d) Mycoremediation
Answer: b) Biostimulation
3. Bioaugmentation refers to:
a) Adding specific microbes to degrade contaminants
b) Increasing soil pH to remove pollutants
c) Using plants to absorb toxins
d) Adding fertilizers to polluted soil
Answer: a) Adding specific microbes to degrade contaminants
4. Which microbe is commonly used for oil spill cleanup?
a) Escherichia coli
b) Pseudomonas putida
c) Staphylococcus aureus
d) Lactobacillus acidophilus
Answer: b) Pseudomonas putida
5. What is the role of biosurfactants in bioremediation?
a) Increasing the solubility of pollutants
b) Neutralizing pH levels
c) Killing harmful bacteria
d) Absorbing heavy metals
Answer: a) Increasing the solubility of pollutants
6. Which bioremediation technique uses plants?
a) Bioventing
b) Phytoremediation
c) Bioaugmentation
d) Composting
Answer: b) Phytoremediation
7. What is Mycoremediation?
a) Use of bacteria for pollutant degradation
b) Use of fungi to remove contaminants
c) Use of algae for cleaning water
d) Use of chemical agents for soil cleanup
Answer: b) Use of fungi to remove contaminants
8. Bioventing is primarily used to clean up:
a) Groundwater
b) Surface water
c) Soil
d) Air
Answer: c) Soil
9. Which microorganism is effective in heavy metal removal?
a) Aspergillus niger
b) Bacillus subtilis
c) Rhizopus stolonifer
d) Clostridium botulinum
Answer: a) Aspergillus niger
10. Which contaminant is most commonly targeted by bioremediation?
a) Plastics
b) Hydrocarbons
c) Glass
d) Paper
Answer: b) Hydrocarbons
11. The term biodegradation refers to:
a) Breaking down contaminants using microbes
b) Burning waste materials
c) Adding synthetic chemicals to treat waste
d) Filtering water through soil layers
Answer: a) Breaking down contaminants using microbes
12. Which factor does NOT affect bioremediation?
a) Oxygen availability
b) Temperature
c) Contaminant concentration
d) Light intensity
Answer: d) Light intensity
13. In-situ bioremediation occurs:
a) Off-site in treatment plants
b) At the contaminated location
c) After contaminants are removed
d) In a controlled laboratory environment
Answer: b) At the contaminated location
14. What is a common limitation of bioremediation?
a) High energy consumption
b) Ineffectiveness in all environments
c) Production of secondary waste
d) Inability to degrade organic pollutants
Answer: b) Ineffectiveness in all environments
15. Which technique involves using oxygen to enhance microbial activity?
a) Bioventing
b) Composting
c) Anaerobic digestion
d) Phytoremediation
Answer: a) Bioventing
16. The primary advantage of bioremediation is:
a) High operational cost
b) Environmental sustainability
c) Requirement for extensive monitoring
d) Dependency on non-renewable resources
Answer: b) Environmental sustainability
17. Composting is a type of bioremediation used for:
a) Hydrocarbons
b) Organic waste
c) Heavy metals
d) Plastic waste
Answer: b) Organic waste
18. Anaerobic bioremediation works best for:
a) Organic pollutants in oxygen-rich environments
b) Hydrocarbons in oxygen-deficient conditions
c) Heavy metal contaminants
d) Airborne pollutants
Answer: b) Hydrocarbons in oxygen-deficient conditions
19. Which bacteria is effective in degrading pesticides?
a) Pseudomonas fluorescens
b) Bacillus anthracis
c) Clostridium tetani
d) Mycobacterium leprae
Answer: a) Pseudomonas fluorescens
20. Land farming involves:
a) Using bioreactors for pollutant treatment
b) Mixing contaminated soil with amendments on-site
c) Treating water with algae
d) Burning waste to generate energy
Answer: b) Mixing contaminated soil with amendments on-site
21. The use of GMOs in bioremediation is called:
a) Bioremediation engineering
b) Bioenhancement
c) Genetic bioremediation
d) Advanced microbial engineering
Answer: c) Genetic bioremediation
22. Which gas is commonly produced during anaerobic bioremediation?
a) Methane
b) Oxygen
c) Carbon monoxide
d) Hydrogen sulfide
Answer: a) Methane
23. A limiting factor for bioremediation in cold regions is:
a) Lack of light
b) Low microbial activity
c) Excessive nutrient availability
d) High oxygen levels
Answer: b) Low microbial activity
24. Bioreactors are used in:
a) In-situ bioremediation
b) Ex-situ bioremediation
c) Natural attenuation
d) Phytoremediation
Answer: b) Ex-situ bioremediation
25. Which is NOT an example of bioremediation?
a) Oil spill cleanup using bacteria
b) Use of plants to remove toxins
c) Burning plastic waste
d) Degrading pesticides with microbes
Answer: c) Burning plastic waste
26. Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria are collectively known as:
a) Methanogens
b) Hydrocarbonoclasts
c) Halophiles
d) Acidophiles
Answer: b) Hydrocarbonoclasts
27. Bioremediation is most effective for:
a) Metals and glass
b) Plastics and ceramics
c) Organic pollutants
d) Inorganic chemicals
Answer: c) Organic pollutants
28. Which process uses sunlight and microbes for bioremediation?
a) Phytovolatilization
b) Composting
c) Bioluminescence
d) Natural attenuation
Answer: a) Phytovolatilization
29. The first step in any bioremediation process is:
a) Microbial introduction
b) Site assessment
c) Chemical addition
d) Contaminant burning
Answer: b) Site assessment
30. The end product of organic matter degradation in composting is:
a) Fertilizer
b) Humus
c) Methane
d) Carbon dioxide
Answer: b) Humus
