1. What is the primary function of a bioreactor in biotechnology? a) To synthesize proteins
    b) To control environmental conditions for growth
    c) To store enzymes
    d) To produce antibioticsAnswer: b) To control environmental conditions for growth
  2. Which of the following is a common type of bioreactor used in industrial biotechnology? a) Batch reactor
    b) Continuous reactor
    c) Stirred tank reactor
    d) All of the aboveAnswer: d) All of the above
  3. In a batch bioreactor, the process occurs: a) Continuously
    b) In batches with fixed starting and stopping times
    c) Only during fermentation
    d) Without any initial materialsAnswer: b) In batches with fixed starting and stopping times
  4. Which type of bioreactor is most commonly used for large-scale production of pharmaceuticals? a) Airlift bioreactor
    b) Stirred tank bioreactor
    c) Membrane bioreactor
    d) Packed bed bioreactorAnswer: b) Stirred tank bioreactor
  5. Which of the following bioreactors is typically used in the production of alcohol? a) Batch reactor
    b) Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR)
    c) Airlift reactor
    d) Fluidized bed reactorAnswer: a) Batch reactor
  6. What is the role of the impeller in a stirred tank bioreactor? a) To heat the medium
    b) To provide oxygen supply
    c) To mix the contents and enhance mass transfer
    d) To sterilize the cultureAnswer: c) To mix the contents and enhance mass transfer
  7. A continuous bioreactor is designed to: a) Operate for a fixed period and stop
    b) Continuously feed fresh nutrients and remove waste products
    c) Operate at a high temperature
    d) Limit the amount of air suppliedAnswer: b) Continuously feed fresh nutrients and remove waste products
  8. Which bioreactor design helps in the prevention of shear damage to sensitive cells? a) Stirred tank bioreactor
    b) Airlift bioreactor
    c) Membrane bioreactor
    d) Packed bed bioreactorAnswer: b) Airlift bioreactor
  9. Which bioreactor is best suited for high-density cell culture applications? a) Stirred tank reactor
    b) Packed bed bioreactor
    c) Airlift reactor
    d) Fluidized bed reactorAnswer: b) Packed bed bioreactor
  10. Which of the following is a characteristic of a fluidized bed bioreactor? a) High shear forces
    b) Immobilized cells
    c) Continuous mixing
    d) All of the aboveAnswer: b) Immobilized cells
  11. What is the main purpose of oxygen transfer in a bioreactor? a) To enhance the product yield
    b) To supply energy to microorganisms
    c) To remove CO2
    d) To control temperatureAnswer: b) To supply energy to microorganisms
  12. In which type of bioreactor is the substrate fed continuously while the product is removed continuously? a) Batch reactor
    b) Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR)
    c) Fed-batch reactor
    d) Airlift reactorAnswer: c) Fed-batch reactor
  13. Which type of bioreactor is most suitable for the production of high-value, low-volume products? a) Continuous bioreactor
    b) Batch bioreactor
    c) Stirred tank bioreactor
    d) Airlift bioreactorAnswer: b) Batch bioreactor
  14. Which of the following is an advantage of a continuous bioreactor? a) Requires more frequent maintenance
    b) Higher productivity due to continuous operation
    c) Produces low-volume products
    d) Cannot be used for microbial culturesAnswer: b) Higher productivity due to continuous operation
  15. Which bioreactor is preferred for aerobic fermentation processes? a) Packed bed bioreactor
    b) Fluidized bed bioreactor
    c) Stirred tank bioreactor
    d) Airlift bioreactorAnswer: c) Stirred tank bioreactor
  16. In a bioreactor, what is the purpose of controlling pH? a) To maintain optimal growth conditions for microorganisms
    b) To remove waste products
    c) To increase product formation
    d) To control temperatureAnswer: a) To maintain optimal growth conditions for microorganisms
  17. In which bioreactor are microorganisms typically immobilized on a solid matrix? a) Membrane bioreactor
    b) Packed bed bioreactor
    c) Fluidized bed bioreactor
    d) Stirred tank reactorAnswer: b) Packed bed bioreactor
  18. What is the primary difference between a batch and a continuous bioreactor? a) Batch reactors operate at high pressure, while continuous ones do not
    b) Batch reactors have a fixed cycle, whereas continuous reactors run indefinitely
    c) Continuous reactors are used only for bacterial cultures
    d) Batch reactors produce products continuouslyAnswer: b) Batch reactors have a fixed cycle, whereas continuous reactors run indefinitely
  19. In which type of bioreactor is the nutrient supply and product removal done in a controlled manner, rather than all at once? a) Stirred tank reactor
    b) Fed-batch reactor
    c) Continuous bioreactor
    d) Fluidized bed bioreactorAnswer: b) Fed-batch reactor
  20. Which of the following factors is typically controlled in a bioreactor to optimize microbial growth? a) Temperature
    b) pH
    c) Oxygen supply
    d) All of the aboveAnswer: d) All of the above
  21. Which bioreactor is most suitable for high shear-sensitive cells? a) Stirred tank reactor
    b) Airlift reactor
    c) Fluidized bed reactor
    d) Packed bed reactorAnswer: b) Airlift reactor
  22. What is the typical operating mode of a bioreactor used for large-scale monoclonal antibody production? a) Batch mode
    b) Continuous mode
    c) Fed-batch mode
    d) Fluidized bed modeAnswer: c) Fed-batch mode
  23. Which bioreactor has the least amount of shear stress applied to the microbial culture? a) Stirred tank bioreactor
    b) Airlift bioreactor
    c) Continuous stirred tank reactor
    d) Fluidized bed bioreactorAnswer: b) Airlift bioreactor
  24. What is a primary advantage of using a packed bed bioreactor for enzyme production? a) High mixing rates
    b) High surface area for microbial attachment
    c) Continuous flow of nutrients
    d) Minimal temperature control requiredAnswer: b) High surface area for microbial attachment
  25. Which bioreactor is commonly used for wastewater treatment? a) Stirred tank bioreactor
    b) Membrane bioreactor
    c) Continuous bioreactor
    d) Packed bed bioreactorAnswer: b) Membrane bioreactor
  26. Which parameter is crucial for maintaining cell growth in a bioreactor? a) Nitrogen concentration
    b) Oxygen concentration
    c) Glucose concentration
    d) All of the aboveAnswer: d) All of the above
  27. What does a bioreactor’s aeration system do? a) Stir the culture medium
    b) Remove toxic gases
    c) Provide oxygen to the culture
    d) Increase pressure inside the bioreactorAnswer: c) Provide oxygen to the culture
  28. Which type of bioreactor is commonly used for growing bacteria in fermentation processes? a) Airlift bioreactor
    b) Stirred tank bioreactor
    c) Continuous bioreactor
    d) All of the aboveAnswer: d) All of the above
  29. Which type of reactor is preferred for high-productivity processes? a) Batch bioreactor
    b) Stirred tank reactor
    c) Continuous bioreactor
    d) Fluidized bed reactorAnswer: c) Continuous bioreactor
  30. What is a key feature of a fluidized bed bioreactor? a) Continuous culture of microorganisms
    b) Immobilization of microorganisms on solid support
    c) Use of air to mix culture
    d) High shear forcesAnswer: b) Immobilization of microorganisms on solid support

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