1. What is the primary purpose of using microbial biotechnology in agriculture? a) To increase crop yield
    b) To improve soil quality
    c) To promote plant disease resistance
    d) All of the aboveAnswer: d) All of the above
  2. Which microorganism is commonly used for nitrogen fixation in agriculture? a) Rhizobium
    b) E. coli
    c) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    d) PseudomonasAnswer: a) Rhizobium
  3. What is the role of Bacillus thuringiensis in agriculture? a) It improves soil fertility
    b) It acts as a natural pesticide
    c) It aids in nitrogen fixation
    d) It enhances crop resistance to droughtAnswer: b) It acts as a natural pesticide
  4. Which of the following is a benefit of using genetically modified microorganisms in agriculture? a) Resistance to environmental stress
    b) Increased microbial diversity
    c) Reduced crop yield
    d) Higher pesticide requirementsAnswer: a) Resistance to environmental stress
  5. What microorganism is used in bioremediation to clean up contaminated soil in agriculture? a) Aspergillus niger
    b) Pseudomonas putida
    c) Streptomyces
    d) LactobacillusAnswer: b) Pseudomonas putida
  6. Which of the following is a characteristic of biofertilizers used in agriculture? a) They are non-living organisms
    b) They provide plants with nitrogen and other nutrients
    c) They are harmful to plant growth
    d) They reduce soil microbial diversityAnswer: b) They provide plants with nitrogen and other nutrients
  7. Which microorganism is used to degrade cellulose and help in composting agricultural waste? a) Rhizopus
    b) Clostridium
    c) Bacillus subtilis
    d) PenicilliumAnswer: a) Rhizopus
  8. In agriculture, which of the following is a major use of microbial enzymes? a) To control pests
    b) To enhance seed germination
    c) To improve crop resilience to diseases
    d) To accelerate the breakdown of organic matter in soilAnswer: d) To accelerate the breakdown of organic matter in soil
  9. Which bacterium is responsible for the production of Bt toxin, used as a biopesticide? a) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    b) Bacillus thuringiensis
    c) Escherichia coli
    d) Agrobacterium tumefaciensAnswer: b) Bacillus thuringiensis
  10. Which of the following is a major role of microbes in integrated pest management? a) They destroy natural predators
    b) They suppress pest populations
    c) They increase pesticide use
    d) They spread diseasesAnswer: b) They suppress pest populations
  11. Which microorganism is often used to enhance soil quality by decomposing organic material? a) Trichoderma
    b) Pseudomonas
    c) Lactobacillus
    d) ActinobacteriaAnswer: a) Trichoderma
  12. What is the primary function of mycorrhizal fungi in agriculture? a) Increase plant nutrient uptake
    b) Enhance soil fertility
    c) Produce antibiotics
    d) Degrade toxic chemicalsAnswer: a) Increase plant nutrient uptake
  13. Which of the following is a microbial process that contributes to soil health in agriculture? a) Nitrogen fixation
    b) Water filtration
    c) Heavy metal accumulation
    d) Greenhouse gas productionAnswer: a) Nitrogen fixation
  14. Which group of microorganisms is involved in the production of antibiotics for agricultural use? a) Cyanobacteria
    b) Actinomycetes
    c) Fungi
    d) VirusesAnswer: b) Actinomycetes
  15. What is the term for the use of genetically modified microorganisms to improve crop production? a) Microbial bioengineering
    b) Microbial fermentation
    c) Bioremediation
    d) Microbial symbiosisAnswer: a) Microbial bioengineering
  16. Which microorganism is used to reduce plant disease caused by fungal pathogens in crops? a) Trichoderma harzianum
    b) Rhizobium
    c) Escherichia coli
    d) Aspergillus flavusAnswer: a) Trichoderma harzianum
  17. Which of the following microbial-based products is commonly used as a biofungicide in agriculture? a) Bacillus subtilis
    b) Penicillium chrysogenum
    c) Streptomyces griseus
    d) Mycoparasitic fungiAnswer: a) Bacillus subtilis
  18. Which group of microorganisms is mainly used in the production of biopesticides for crop protection? a) Bacteria
    b) Viruses
    c) Fungi
    d) ProtozoaAnswer: a) Bacteria
  19. What type of microorganism is used in the production of biogas from agricultural waste? a) Bacteria
    b) Algae
    c) Protozoa
    d) YeastsAnswer: a) Bacteria
  20. Which of the following is a benefit of using microbial biotechnology in agriculture? a) Reduced chemical pesticide use
    b) Increased water consumption
    c) Higher energy requirements
    d) Decreased biodiversityAnswer: a) Reduced chemical pesticide use
  21. Which microorganism is utilized in the production of bio-herbicides? a) Rhizobium
    b) Bacillus thuringiensis
    c) Aspergillus niger
    d) Fusarium oxysporumAnswer: d) Fusarium oxysporum
  22. Which microbial process is used in the production of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)? a) Nitrogen fixation
    b) Phosphate solubilization
    c) Sulfur oxidation
    d) All of the aboveAnswer: d) All of the above
  23. What role does the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens play in agriculture? a) It helps in nitrogen fixation
    b) It produces natural pesticides
    c) It is used for plant genetic transformation
    d) It enhances plant disease resistanceAnswer: c) It is used for plant genetic transformation
  24. What is one of the applications of microbial biotechnology in the production of biofuels from agricultural residues? a) Lignin degradation
    b) Nitrogen fixation
    c) Organic matter degradation
    d) Increased sugar productionAnswer: a) Lignin degradation
  25. Which bacterium is used in the production of biocontrol agents to protect plants from insect pests? a) Bacillus thuringiensis
    b) Escherichia coli
    c) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    d) Saccharomyces cerevisiaeAnswer: a) Bacillus thuringiensis
  26. What is the function of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)? a) They stimulate root development
    b) They promote photosynthesis
    c) They suppress pest populations
    d) They degrade heavy metalsAnswer: a) They stimulate root development
  27. Which of the following benefits does the use of microbial biocontrol agents provide in agriculture? a) Increase in pesticide resistance
    b) Reduction in the use of chemical pesticides
    c) Increase in the cost of farming
    d) Decrease in crop yieldAnswer: b) Reduction in the use of chemical pesticides
  28. Which process does the bacterium Nitrosomonas contribute to in agriculture? a) Nitrogen fixation
    b) Denitrification
    c) Nitrification
    d) Phosphate solubilizationAnswer: c) Nitrification
  29. Which microbial-based product is used to enhance the resistance of plants to environmental stress? a) Mycorrhizal fungi
    b) Rhizobium
    c) Trichoderma
    d) Bacillus subtilisAnswer: a) Mycorrhizal fungi
  30. Which of the following is an example of microbial biotechnology used in the management of agricultural soil? a) Nitrogen fixation
    b) Soil erosion control
    c) Bioremediation of heavy metals
    d) All of the aboveAnswer: d) All of the above

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