1. Which of the following is an example of bioremediation?
a) Use of chemical pesticides
b) Use of microorganisms to degrade pollutants
c) Use of GMOs in crops
d) Use of natural fertilizers
Answer: b) Use of microorganisms to degrade pollutants
2. What is the primary function of phytoremediation in environmental biotechnology?
a) Use of plants to decompose organic waste
b) Use of plants to absorb heavy metals and toxins
c) Use of plants for oxygen production
d) Use of plants to increase soil fertility
Answer: b) Use of plants to absorb heavy metals and toxins
3. Biodegradation is the process by which:
a) Microorganisms convert pollutants into non-toxic substances
b) Plants absorb carbon dioxide
c) Animals decompose organic matter
d) Chemical fertilizers break down pollutants
Answer: a) Microorganisms convert pollutants into non-toxic substances
4. Which of the following is a biotechnological method used to reduce oil spills?
a) Bioremediation using oil-eating bacteria
b) Physical removal using machines
c) Dumping chemicals into the ocean
d) Planting mangroves
Answer: a) Bioremediation using oil-eating bacteria
5. What is the role of genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs) in environmental biotechnology?
a) To break down harmful substances in the environment
b) To create greenhouse gases
c) To promote biodiversity
d) To control temperature changes
Answer: a) To break down harmful substances in the environment
6. Which of the following processes is used to clean up contaminated water using microorganisms?
a) Phytoremediation
b) Bioremediation
c) Aerobic digestion
d) Wastewater treatment
Answer: b) Bioremediation
7. Bioaugmentation refers to:
a) The addition of nutrients to promote microbial growth
b) The introduction of specialized microbes to degrade contaminants
c) The use of genetically modified crops for pest control
d) The use of animals in ecosystem restoration
Answer: b) The introduction of specialized microbes to degrade contaminants
8. Which of the following is an example of using biotechnological tools to treat industrial effluents?
a) Use of bacteria to treat chemical waste
b) Using solar energy to power factories
c) Use of heat for sterilizing wastewater
d) Reducing the amount of plastic used
Answer: a) Use of bacteria to treat chemical waste
9. Which biotechnology method helps in reducing the carbon footprint in industries?
a) Genetic modification of microorganisms for waste processing
b) Artificial photosynthesis
c) Biodegradable plastic production
d) Using chemicals for waste treatment
Answer: a) Genetic modification of microorganisms for waste processing
10. Which microorganism is most commonly used in bioremediation of oil spills?
a) Pseudomonas
b) Escherichia coli
c) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
d) Bacillus thuringiensis
Answer: a) Pseudomonas
11. Which of the following is used in the treatment of sewage through biotechnological methods?
a) Aerobic bacteria
b) Inorganic chemicals
c) Physical filters
d) Thermal treatment
Answer: a) Aerobic bacteria
12. The use of plants to degrade pollutants in soil and water is called:
a) Phytomining
b) Phytoremediation
c) Bioaugmentation
d) Bioremediation
Answer: b) Phytoremediation
13. What is the primary purpose of using microorganisms in composting?
a) To break down organic waste into humus
b) To produce biogas
c) To reduce waste volume
d) To produce biofertilizers
Answer: a) To break down organic waste into humus
14. Genetic engineering in environmental biotechnology can be used to:
a) Produce genetically modified plants for pollution control
b) Increase the efficiency of solar panels
c) Develop biodegradable plastics
d) Manufacture synthetic fertilizers
Answer: a) Produce genetically modified plants for pollution control
15. Biotechnological solutions to mitigate climate change mainly focus on:
a) Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
b) Planting more trees
c) Reducing industrial activities
d) Increasing animal agriculture
Answer: a) Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
16. Which of the following is a biotechnological method used to convert organic waste into biogas?
a) Anaerobic digestion
b) Incineration
c) Landfilling
d) Recycling
Answer: a) Anaerobic digestion
17. The use of genetically modified crops to reduce pesticide use is an example of:
a) Agroforestry
b) Biocontrol
c) Biotechnology in agriculture
d) Sustainable development
Answer: c) Biotechnology in agriculture
18. The process of using microorganisms to clean up hazardous chemicals from industrial waste is known as:
a) Biofiltration
b) Bioremediation
c) Biodegradation
d) Biogas production
Answer: b) Bioremediation
19. Which of the following is a characteristic of biotechnological methods for waste treatment?
a) They rely on chemical processes
b) They are more expensive than traditional methods
c) They use natural biological processes
d) They are not sustainable
Answer: c) They use natural biological processes
20. The production of biofuels like ethanol from waste biomass is an example of:
a) Genetic modification of crops
b) Industrial biotechnology
c) Bioenergy production
d) Bioremediation
Answer: c) Bioenergy production
21. What is the environmental benefit of using bioremediation to clean up oil spills?
a) Reduces the use of toxic chemicals
b) Increases carbon emissions
c) Destroys marine life
d) Requires high temperatures
Answer: a) Reduces the use of toxic chemicals
22. What does bioaugmentation involve in the context of environmental cleanup?
a) Adding pollutants to accelerate degradation
b) Introducing additional microorganisms to degrade contaminants
c) Using plants to absorb toxins
d) Removing toxic substances chemically
Answer: b) Introducing additional microorganisms to degrade contaminants
23. The role of genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs) in environmental biotechnology is to:
a) Introduce genetic diversity in ecosystems
b) Enhance the degradation of pollutants
c) Increase environmental pollutants
d) Reduce the need for pesticides in agriculture
Answer: b) Enhance the degradation of pollutants
24. What is the main advantage of using biotechnological solutions over traditional methods for environmental management?
a) They are faster and more cost-effective
b) They use synthetic chemicals
c) They rely on non-renewable resources
d) They have no environmental impact
Answer: a) They are faster and more cost-effective
25. Which process is used in bioremediation to convert organic pollutants into non-toxic substances?
a) Aerobic respiration
b) Anaerobic respiration
c) Photosynthesis
d) Fermentation
Answer: a) Aerobic respiration
26. Which of the following is used to enhance soil fertility and reduce pollution in agricultural land?
a) Genetically engineered microorganisms
b) Chemical fertilizers
c) Biodegradable plastics
d) Pesticides
Answer: a) Genetically engineered microorganisms
27. What is the goal of using genetically engineered microbes in waste treatment?
a) To increase microbial diversity
b) To increase the efficiency of pollutant degradation
c) To produce more carbon dioxide
d) To recycle water
Answer: b) To increase the efficiency of pollutant degradation
28. What biotechnological technique can be used to clean up heavy metal contamination in water?
a) Phytoremediation
b) Biodegradation
c) Bioremediation
d) Bioaugmentation
Answer: c) Bioremediation
29. Which of the following is a biotechnological solution for reducing waste from agricultural products?
a) Composting with microorganisms
b) Using synthetic chemicals
c) Incineration of plant material
d) Exporting waste to landfills
Answer: a) Composting with microorganisms
30. Which is a significant environmental advantage of biofuels over fossil fuels?
a) They produce fewer greenhouse gases
b) They are non-renewable
c) They increase toxic emissions
d) They require large amounts of land
Answer: a) They produce fewer greenhouse gases
