1. Which of the following is a type of microorganism?
a) Virus
b) Bacteria
c) Fungi
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
2. What is the main characteristic of prokaryotic microorganisms?
a) They have a nucleus
b) They lack a nucleus
c) They have membrane-bound organelles
d) They are multicellular
Answer: b) They lack a nucleus
3. Which of the following is NOT a type of microorganism?
a) Bacteria
b) Protozoa
c) Fungi
d) Plant
Answer: d) Plant
4. Which microorganism is classified as a prokaryote?
a) Algae
b) Fungi
c) Bacteria
d) Protozoa
Answer: c) Bacteria
5. Which of the following organisms can be classified as eukaryotic microorganisms?
a) Bacteria
b) Fungi
c) Virus
d) Archaea
Answer: b) Fungi
6. Which type of microorganism is responsible for causing malaria?
a) Bacteria
b) Virus
c) Protozoa
d) Fungi
Answer: c) Protozoa
7. Which of the following is true about viruses?
a) They are made of only protein
b) They are not alive outside a host cell
c) They can reproduce independently
d) They have a nucleus
Answer: b) They are not alive outside a host cell
8. Which type of microorganism is used in the production of antibiotics?
a) Protozoa
b) Fungi
c) Viruses
d) Algae
Answer: b) Fungi
9. What is the primary function of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?
a) Decomposing organic matter
b) Fixing nitrogen
c) Producing oxygen
d) Generating energy for plants
Answer: b) Fixing nitrogen
10. Which microorganism is most commonly used in the production of yogurt?
a) Fungi
b) Protozoa
c) Bacteria
d) Viruses
Answer: c) Bacteria
11. Which of the following types of microorganisms is unicellular and lacks a defined nucleus?
a) Protozoa
b) Fungi
c) Bacteria
d) Algae
Answer: c) Bacteria
12. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fungi?
a) Eukaryotic
b) Heterotrophic
c) Can be multicellular
d) Can carry out photosynthesis
Answer: d) Can carry out photosynthesis
13. What is the main component of the cell wall in bacteria?
a) Chitin
b) Peptidoglycan
c) Cellulose
d) Silica
Answer: b) Peptidoglycan
14. Which of the following microorganisms can exist in extreme environments, such as hot springs or salt lakes?
a) Bacteria
b) Archaea
c) Fungi
d) Protozoa
Answer: b) Archaea
15. What is the primary mode of reproduction in bacteria?
a) Binary fission
b) Budding
c) Sexual reproduction
d) Spores
Answer: a) Binary fission
16. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses?
a) Cannot reproduce on their own
b) Can infect both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
c) Have a complex structure with organelles
d) Contain either DNA or RNA
Answer: c) Have a complex structure with organelles
17. Which group of microorganisms can photosynthesize?
a) Viruses
b) Protozoa
c) Algae
d) Bacteria
Answer: c) Algae
18. Which of the following diseases is caused by fungi?
a) Malaria
b) Athlete’s foot
c) Tuberculosis
d) Influenza
Answer: b) Athlete’s foot
19. What is the term for microorganisms that live in or on another organism and benefit at the host’s expense?
a) Symbiosis
b) Parasitism
c) Commensalism
d) Mutualism
Answer: b) Parasitism
20. What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes archaea from bacteria?
a) Archaea have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan
b) Archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes
c) Archaea lack ribosomes
d) Archaea reproduce through budding
Answer: b) Archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes
21. Which of the following is a beneficial role of microorganisms in the environment?
a) Cause diseases in plants
b) Decompose organic matter
c) Produce harmful gases
d) Reduce soil fertility
Answer: b) Decompose organic matter
22. What is the role of cyanobacteria in the ecosystem?
a) Decomposers
b) Photosynthetic producers of oxygen
c) Nitrogen fixers
d) Both b and c
Answer: d) Both b and c
23. Which of the following microorganisms is known for causing tuberculosis?
a) Protozoa
b) Bacteria
c) Fungi
d) Viruses
Answer: b) Bacteria
24. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of protozoa?
a) They are unicellular organisms
b) They can be autotrophic
c) They can move using flagella or cilia
d) They are eukaryotic
Answer: b) They can be autotrophic
25. What type of microorganism is the causative agent of HIV/AIDS?
a) Virus
b) Bacteria
c) Fungi
d) Protozoa
Answer: a) Virus
26. Which of the following microorganisms is responsible for the fermentation of sugars in the production of alcohol?
a) Fungi
b) Bacteria
c) Viruses
d) Protozoa
Answer: a) Fungi
27. Which of the following microorganisms can be found in extreme acidic or saline environments?
a) Bacteria
b) Archaea
c) Algae
d) Protozoa
Answer: b) Archaea
28. Which type of microorganism is used in the process of nitrogen fixation in soil?
a) Viruses
b) Fungi
c) Bacteria
d) Algae
Answer: c) Bacteria
29. Which of the following diseases is caused by a protozoan parasite?
a) Malaria
b) Tuberculosis
c) Measles
d) Influenza
Answer: a) Malaria
30. Which of the following is true about viruses?
a) They can reproduce on their own in any medium
b) They are made of cells
c) They require a host cell for replication
d) They have a complex body structure like other microorganisms
Answer: c) They require a host cell for replication
