Reproductive Biology

Fundamentals of Reproductive Biology

1. Introduction to Reproductive Biology: Key Concepts and Importance
2. Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction: Mechanisms and Differences
3. Male and Female Reproductive Systems: Structure and Functions
4. Gametogenesis: Spermatogenesis vs. Oogenesis Explained
5. Fertilization Process: Mechanism, Stages, and Importance

Reproductive Health and Hormonal Regulation

6. Hormonal Control of Reproduction: Role of Estrogen, Testosterone, and Progesterone
7. Menstrual Cycle: Phases, Hormonal Regulation, and Disorders
8. Pregnancy and Embryonic Development: Stages and Hormonal Changes
9. Lactation and Maternal Health: Role of Prolactin and Oxytocin
10. Puberty and Hormonal Changes: Development of Secondary Sexual Characteristics

Reproductive Disorders and Diseases

11. Infertility: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options
12. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Symptoms, Causes, and Management
13. Endometriosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
14. Male Reproductive Disorders: Erectile Dysfunction, Azoospermia, and Oligospermia
15. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Types, Prevention, and Treatments

Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs)

16. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Procedure, Success Rate, and Ethical Concerns
17. Surrogacy and Its Legal and Ethical Implications
18. Cryopreservation of Gametes: Sperm and Egg Freezing Technology
19. Artificial Insemination: Techniques and Applications
20. Gene Editing in Reproductive Biology: CRISPR and Future Prospects

Evolutionary and Environmental Aspects of Reproduction

21. Evolution of Reproduction: Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction in Species
22. Impact of Lifestyle and Environment on Human Fertility
23. Reproductive Strategies in Animals: R-Selection vs. K-Selection
24. Birth Control Methods: Contraceptive Pills, IUDs, and Natural Methods
25. Cloning and Reproductive Biotechnology: Applications and Ethical Issues