1. Which of the following theories of motivation is based on the idea that behavior is driven by biological needs?
a) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
b) Drive Reduction Theory
c) Self-Determination Theory
d) Expectancy Theory
Answer: b) Drive Reduction Theory
Explanation: Drive Reduction Theory suggests that behavior is motivated by the need to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs, such as hunger or thirst.
2. What is the primary focus of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
a) Extrinsic rewards
b) Biological instincts
c) Progression through levels of needs
d) Avoidance of punishment
Answer: c) Progression through levels of needs
Explanation: Maslow’s theory outlines a hierarchy of needs, from basic physiological needs to self-actualization, emphasizing progression to higher levels once lower levels are satisfied.
3. Which type of motivation is driven by external rewards such as money or praise?
a) Intrinsic Motivation
b) Extrinsic Motivation
c) Autonomy
d) Mastery
Answer: b) Extrinsic Motivation
Explanation: Extrinsic motivation occurs when actions are performed to earn external rewards or avoid punishments.
4. According to Self-Determination Theory, which of the following is NOT one of the three basic psychological needs?
a) Autonomy
b) Competence
c) Relatedness
d) Security
Answer: d) Security
Explanation: Self-Determination Theory identifies autonomy, competence, and relatedness as the three core needs that drive intrinsic motivation.
5. What does the Yerkes-Dodson Law state about arousal and performance?
a) Higher arousal always leads to better performance.
b) Lower arousal always leads to better performance.
c) Optimal performance occurs at moderate arousal levels.
d) Arousal has no effect on performance.
Answer: c) Optimal performance occurs at moderate arousal levels.
Explanation: The Yerkes-Dodson Law states that performance improves with arousal up to a point, but excessive arousal can impair performance.
6. Which term describes the tendency to perform better on simple tasks in the presence of others?
a) Social loafing
b) Social facilitation
c) Intrinsic motivation
d) Learned helplessness
Answer: b) Social facilitation
Explanation: Social facilitation refers to improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks when others are present.
7. What is intrinsic motivation?
a) Motivation driven by external rewards
b) Motivation driven by internal satisfaction
c) Motivation driven by biological needs
d) Motivation driven by social pressure
Answer: b) Motivation driven by internal satisfaction
Explanation: Intrinsic motivation arises from personal enjoyment or interest in the task itself, without external incentives.
8. In Expectancy Theory, which of the following is NOT a key factor?
a) Expectancy
b) Valence
c) Reinforcement
d) Instrumentality
Answer: c) Reinforcement
Explanation: Expectancy Theory focuses on expectancy, instrumentality, and valence as factors influencing motivation, not reinforcement.
9. Which of the following best explains the concept of homeostasis in motivation?
a) Seeking rewards
b) Maintaining balance
c) Avoiding punishment
d) Achieving self-actualization
Answer: b) Maintaining balance
Explanation: Homeostasis refers to the body’s tendency to maintain a stable internal state, motivating behavior to restore balance when disrupted.
10. What is the focus of the Incentive Theory of motivation?
a) Internal drives
b) External rewards
c) Unconscious conflicts
d) Cognitive processes
Answer: b) External rewards
Explanation: Incentive Theory suggests that motivation is influenced by external stimuli that act as rewards or incentives.
11. What is the highest level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
a) Esteem
b) Safety
c) Self-Actualization
d) Love and Belonging
Answer: c) Self-Actualization
Explanation: Self-Actualization is the process of realizing one’s potential and is the highest level in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
12. Which theory of motivation emphasizes unconscious desires and conflicts?
a) Drive Reduction Theory
b) Psychoanalytic Theory
c) Cognitive Theory
d) Expectancy Theory
Answer: b) Psychoanalytic Theory
Explanation: Psychoanalytic Theory, introduced by Freud, focuses on how unconscious desires and conflicts drive behavior.
13. The term “flow” in motivation refers to what?
a) A state of boredom
b) Complete immersion in a task
c) Avoidance of difficult tasks
d) A balance between work and play
Answer: b) Complete immersion in a task
Explanation: Flow is a state where individuals are fully engaged and focused on a task, often losing track of time.
14. What is the primary goal of achievement motivation?
a) Avoiding failure
b) Seeking challenges and success
c) Gaining social approval
d) Achieving biological stability
Answer: b) Seeking challenges and success
Explanation: Achievement motivation drives individuals to accomplish goals and excel by overcoming challenges.
15. What role does dopamine play in motivation?
a) It decreases motivation.
b) It enhances the reward response.
c) It inhibits goal-directed behavior.
d) It is unrelated to motivation.
Answer: b) It enhances the reward response.
Explanation: Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in the brain’s reward system, enhancing motivation.
