1. Who proposed the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance?
- A) Gregor Mendel
- B) Thomas Hunt Morgan
- C) Charles Darwin
- D) Rosalind Franklin
Answer: B) Thomas Hunt Morgan
2. According to the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, genes are located on:
- A) Chromosomes
- B) Mitochondria
- C) Ribosomes
- D) Nucleolus
Answer: A) Chromosomes
3. The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance was established after the study of:
- A) Pea plants
- B) Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster)
- C) Human genetics
- D) Wheat plants
Answer: B) Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster)
4. What does the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance explain?
- A) The inheritance of traits through genes
- B) The genetic drift in populations
- C) The process of protein synthesis
- D) The development of new species
Answer: A) The inheritance of traits through genes
5. Who were the main contributors to the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance?
- A) Watson and Crick
- B) Morgan, Bridges, and Sturtevant
- C) Darwin and Lamarck
- D) Mendel and Darwin
Answer: B) Morgan, Bridges, and Sturtevant
6. The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance is based on the observation that:
- A) Traits are inherited independently of each other
- B) Genes are located on chromosomes and undergo segregation
- C) Genes recombine during gamete formation
- D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
7. Which structure carries the genes in the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance?
- A) Nucleus
- B) Mitochondria
- C) Chromosomes
- D) Ribosomes
Answer: C) Chromosomes
8. In the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, gametes carry:
- A) Half the number of chromosomes as somatic cells
- B) The same number of chromosomes as somatic cells
- C) Double the number of chromosomes as somatic cells
- D) No chromosomes
Answer: A) Half the number of chromosomes as somatic cells
9. What is the primary evidence supporting the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance?
- A) The discovery of DNA
- B) The observation of gene linkage in fruit flies
- C) The Mendelian laws of inheritance
- D) The discovery of sex chromosomes
Answer: B) The observation of gene linkage in fruit flies
10. The process by which genes are passed from parent to offspring via chromosomes is called:
- A) Mutation
- B) Transcription
- C) Inheritance
- D) Translation
Answer: C) Inheritance
11. In Thomas Hunt Morgan’s experiments, the red-eyed and white-eyed traits in Drosophila were used to study:
- A) Dominance
- B) Gene linkage
- C) Codominance
- D) Sex-linked inheritance
Answer: D) Sex-linked inheritance
12. What did Morgan’s experiments on Drosophila demonstrate about inheritance?
- A) Genes are inherited independently
- B) Genes on the same chromosome are inherited together
- C) All genes are inherited randomly
- D) Chromosomes do not play a role in inheritance
Answer: B) Genes on the same chromosome are inherited together
13. The independent assortment of chromosomes occurs during which phase of meiosis?
- A) Prophase I
- B) Metaphase I
- C) Anaphase II
- D) Telophase I
Answer: B) Metaphase I
14. Which of the following is not a key insight of the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance?
- A) Genes are located on chromosomes
- B) Chromosomes undergo independent assortment
- C) Genes on chromosomes can be exchanged during meiosis
- D) Chromosomes can replicate independently of each other
Answer: D) Chromosomes can replicate independently of each other
15. The concept of gene linkage refers to:
- A) Genes located on different chromosomes
- B) Genes located on the same chromosome
- C) The separation of chromosomes during meiosis
- D) The independent inheritance of genes
Answer: B) Genes located on the same chromosome
16. A phenomenon where genes located on the same chromosome are inherited together is known as:
- A) Crossing over
- B) Linkage
- C) Independent assortment
- D) Genetic drift
Answer: B) Linkage
17. Which of the following terms refers to the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes?
- A) Mutation
- B) Replication
- C) Crossing over
- D) Gene expression
Answer: C) Crossing over
18. The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance helped to explain the basis of:
- A) Evolution
- B) Genetic variation
- C) Both A and B
- D) Neither A nor B
Answer: C) Both A and B
19. The term “genetic recombination” refers to:
- A) The process of gene duplication
- B) The formation of new genetic combinations
- C) The replication of chromosomes
- D) The mutation of genes
Answer: B) The formation of new genetic combinations
20. According to the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, genes located on sex chromosomes are inherited:
- A) In the same way as autosomal genes
- B) According to Mendel’s laws of independent assortment
- C) Differently between males and females
- D) Exclusively in females
Answer: C) Differently between males and females
21. In a cross between two heterozygous pea plants, the expected phenotype ratio for a monohybrid cross is:
- A) 3:1
- B) 1:2:1
- C) 9:3:3:1
- D) 2:2
Answer: A) 3:1
22. In Drosophila, the gene for eye color is located on the X chromosome. This is an example of:
- A) Autosomal inheritance
- B) Sex-linked inheritance
- C) Incomplete dominance
- D) Codominance
Answer: B) Sex-linked inheritance
23. The failure of chromosomes to segregate properly during meiosis is known as:
- A) Chromosome mapping
- B) Genetic drift
- C) Nondisjunction
- D) Recombination
Answer: C) Nondisjunction
24. What is the primary function of the centromere in chromosome segregation?
- A) To hold sister chromatids together
- B) To protect the chromosome from damage
- C) To facilitate crossing over
- D) To determine gene expression
Answer: A) To hold sister chromatids together
25. The discovery of the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance laid the foundation for which branch of biology?
- A) Biochemistry
- B) Molecular genetics
- C) Ecology
- D) Immunology
Answer: B) Molecular genetics
26. In the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, the separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis accounts for:
- A) Gene mutation
- B) Independent assortment of genes
- C) Recombination of linked genes
- D) Genetic drift
Answer: B) Independent assortment of genes
27. The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance was developed in the early 20th century, primarily through studies on:
- A) Humans
- B) Pea plants
- C) Fruit flies (Drosophila)
- D) Mice
Answer: C) Fruit flies (Drosophila)
28. The physical exchange of genetic material between chromatids during meiosis is called:
- A) Genetic drift
- B) Genetic recombination
- C) Crossing over
- D) Chromosome inversion
Answer: C) Crossing over
29. In the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, what was the key observation about traits on the X chromosome in fruit flies?
- A) They segregated independently
- B) They were linked to gender
- C) They were inherited from both parents equally
- D) They could mutate rapidly
Answer: B) They were linked to gender
30. Which of the following experiments helped confirm the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance?
- A) Gregor Mendel’s pea plant experiments
- B) Watson and Crick’s DNA structure discovery
- C) Thomas Hunt Morgan’s experiments with fruit flies
- D) Rosalind Franklin’s X-ray crystallography work
Answer: C) Thomas Hunt Morgan’s experiments with fruit flies
These 30 MCQs cover a variety of important aspects of the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, including its foundational concepts, experiments, and key discoveries.
