1. What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Protein synthesis
C) Packaging and transport of cellular materials
D) Energy production
Answer: C) Packaging and transport of cellular materials
2. The Golgi apparatus was discovered by which scientist?
A) Robert Hooke
B) Camillo Golgi
C) Rudolf Virchow
D) Louis Pasteur
Answer: B) Camillo Golgi
3. Which of the following is the structural unit of the Golgi apparatus?
A) Ribosome
B) Vesicle
C) Cisternae
D) Chromosome
Answer: C) Cisternae
4. Where is the Golgi apparatus located within the cell?
A) Inside the nucleus
B) Near the endoplasmic reticulum
C) Attached to the plasma membrane
D) In the mitochondria
Answer: B) Near the endoplasmic reticulum
5. What type of molecules are processed and modified in the Golgi apparatus?
A) DNA and RNA
B) Proteins and lipids
C) Carbohydrates only
D) Vitamins and minerals
Answer: B) Proteins and lipids
6. Which side of the Golgi apparatus faces the endoplasmic reticulum?
A) Cis face
B) Trans face
C) Medial face
D) Outer face
Answer: A) Cis face
7. Which face of the Golgi apparatus is involved in exporting materials to other parts of the cell?
A) Cis face
B) Trans face
C) Medial face
D) Lateral face
Answer: B) Trans face
8. What is the role of the Golgi vesicles?
A) DNA replication
B) Transporting modified molecules
C) Photosynthesis
D) Cell division
Answer: B) Transporting modified molecules
9. Which process involves the Golgi apparatus packaging enzymes into lysosomes?
A) Exocytosis
B) Endocytosis
C) Autophagy
D) Lysosome biogenesis
Answer: D) Lysosome biogenesis
10. What is the Golgi apparatus called in plant cells?
A) Dictyosome
B) Plastid
C) Chloroplast
D) Tonoplast
Answer: A) Dictyosome
11. Which of these is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?
A) Glycosylation of proteins
B) Lipid synthesis
C) Sorting and packaging molecules
D) ATP generation
Answer: D) ATP generation
12. What are the flattened membrane-bound sacs of the Golgi apparatus called?
A) Vesicles
B) Tubules
C) Cisternae
D) Vacuoles
Answer: C) Cisternae
13. Which of the following modifications occur in the Golgi apparatus?
A) Addition of phosphate groups
B) Removal of signal peptides
C) Glycosylation
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
14. How are vesicles transported from the Golgi apparatus to their target locations?
A) Diffusion
B) Microtubule motor proteins
C) Endocytosis
D) Active transport using ATP pumps
Answer: B) Microtubule motor proteins
15. Which of these organelles works closely with the Golgi apparatus to deliver proteins?
A) Mitochondria
B) Ribosomes
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Lysosomes
Answer: C) Endoplasmic reticulum
16. Which of the following best describes the trans-Golgi network (TGN)?
A) Protein synthesis site
B) Sorting and distribution center
C) DNA replication center
D) Lipid degradation center
Answer: B) Sorting and distribution center
17. Which type of vesicle transports materials from the ER to the Golgi apparatus?
A) Clathrin-coated vesicles
B) COPI vesicles
C) COPII vesicles
D) Lysosomal vesicles
Answer: C) COPII vesicles
18. Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in the synthesis of which cellular component?
A) Ribosomal RNA
B) Polysaccharides
C) DNA
D) ATP
Answer: B) Polysaccharides
19. What happens to incorrectly folded proteins in the Golgi apparatus?
A) They are packaged into lysosomes for degradation
B) They are sent to the nucleus
C) They are stored in the Golgi
D) They are transported to mitochondria
Answer: A) They are packaged into lysosomes for degradation
20. What is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane?
A) The Golgi apparatus synthesizes the plasma membrane directly
B) The Golgi apparatus supplies lipids and proteins to the plasma membrane
C) The plasma membrane regulates Golgi apparatus function
D) There is no direct relationship
Answer: B) The Golgi apparatus supplies lipids and proteins to the plasma membrane
21. Which disease is associated with defects in the Golgi apparatus?
A) Alzheimer’s disease
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Diabetes
D) Sickle cell anemia
Answer: B) Cystic fibrosis
22. Which cellular organelle provides raw materials to the Golgi apparatus?
A) Mitochondria
B) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Nucleus
D) Chloroplast
Answer: B) Endoplasmic reticulum
23. Which Golgi-specific protein facilitates vesicle formation?
A) Clathrin
B) Dynamin
C) SNARE proteins
D) Golgins
Answer: D) Golgins
24. What type of cellular transport involves the Golgi apparatus releasing its vesicles?
A) Passive transport
B) Endocytosis
C) Exocytosis
D) Pinocytosis
Answer: C) Exocytosis
25. The Golgi apparatus contributes to the formation of which cellular structure?
A) Cytoskeleton
B) Cell wall
C) Ribosomes
D) Chromatin
Answer: B) Cell wall
26. What is the primary function of the medial Golgi cisternae?
A) Protein folding
B) Protein modification
C) Packaging into vesicles
D) ATP synthesis
Answer: B) Protein modification
27. Which marker enzyme is associated with the Golgi apparatus?
A) Succinate dehydrogenase
B) Acid phosphatase
C) UDP-galactosyltransferase
D) DNA polymerase
Answer: C) UDP-galactosyltransferase
28. How many cisternae are typically found in a Golgi stack?
A) 1-2
B) 3-10
C) 11-20
D) 21-30
Answer: B) 3-10
29. What is the fate of proteins tagged with mannose-6-phosphate in the Golgi?
A) Sent to lysosomes
B) Secreted outside the cell
C) Stored in the cytoplasm
D) Sent back to the ER
Answer: A) Sent to lysosomes
30. What is the key difference between the cis and trans faces of the Golgi?
A) Cis face is convex, and trans face is concave
B) Cis face is the exit side, and trans face is the entry side
C) Cis face synthesizes DNA, and trans face synthesizes RNA
D) Cis face stores enzymes, and trans face produces ATP
Answer: A) Cis face is convex, and trans face is concave
