1. What does CRISPR stand for?
a) Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats
b) Clustered Regularly Integrated Short Palindromic Repeats
c) Circular Regular Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats
d) Circular Regular Interspersed Systematic Repeats
Answer: a) Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats
2. What is the function of Cas9 in CRISPR-Cas9?
a) It synthesizes RNA.
b) It cuts the DNA.
c) It adds base pairs to DNA.
d) It activates the immune system.
Answer: b) It cuts the DNA.
3. CRISPR-Cas9 technology was first discovered in:
a) Bacteria
b) Mice
c) Plants
d) Humans
Answer: a) Bacteria
4. Which of the following is a key feature of CRISPR-Cas9?
a) It targets only RNA molecules.
b) It edits genes at precise locations.
c) It synthesizes proteins from mRNA.
d) It clones DNA sequences.
Answer: b) It edits genes at precise locations.
5. Which of the following applications can CRISPR-Cas9 be used for?
a) Gene knockout
b) Gene editing
c) Disease modeling
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
6. What is the primary advantage of CRISPR-Cas9 over earlier gene-editing technologies?
a) It is more expensive.
b) It is less accurate.
c) It allows for precise and targeted gene editing.
d) It only works in humans.
Answer: c) It allows for precise and targeted gene editing.
7. What type of organisms have been successfully edited using CRISPR-Cas9?
a) Only plants
b) Only animals
c) Only humans
d) Both animals and plants
Answer: d) Both animals and plants
8. In CRISPR-Cas9, the RNA molecule that guides Cas9 is known as:
a) sgRNA (single guide RNA)
b) mRNA
c) tRNA
d) rRNA
Answer: a) sgRNA (single guide RNA)
9. Which of the following is a limitation of CRISPR-Cas9?
a) It is highly precise with no off-target effects.
b) It cannot be used in human cells.
c) It may cause unintended mutations (off-target effects).
d) It is only effective in bacteria.
Answer: c) It may cause unintended mutations (off-target effects).
10. In what way can CRISPR-Cas9 be used in agriculture?
a) Creating genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
b) Enhancing crop yield
c) Developing pest-resistant plants
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
11. Which of the following is NOT a potential application of CRISPR-Cas9?
a) Gene therapy
b) Cancer treatment
c) Human cloning
d) Genetic modification of crops
Answer: c) Human cloning
12. The first successful clinical trial using CRISPR-Cas9 was aimed at treating which disease?
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Sickle cell anemia
c) Huntington’s disease
d) Diabetes
Answer: b) Sickle cell anemia
13. Which component of CRISPR-Cas9 identifies the target DNA sequence?
a) Cas9 protein
b) sgRNA
c) Guide DNA
d) mRNA
Answer: b) sgRNA
14. What is the primary role of the Cas9 enzyme in CRISPR-Cas9 technology?
a) To synthesize RNA
b) To cut the DNA at a specific site
c) To produce proteins
d) To guide the RNA
Answer: b) To cut the DNA at a specific site
15. What is the process of editing genes in CRISPR-Cas9 technology known as?
a) Gene therapy
b) Gene knockout
c) Gene insertion
d) Gene editing
Answer: d) Gene editing
16. Which of the following is a risk associated with CRISPR-Cas9?
a) It may cause off-target effects.
b) It can only target a small number of genes.
c) It cannot be used in mammals.
d) It is limited to agricultural applications.
Answer: a) It may cause off-target effects.
17. How does CRISPR-Cas9 work to modify genes?
a) By introducing foreign DNA into the genome
b) By activating or silencing specific genes
c) By creating double-strand breaks at specific locations in DNA
d) By inducing spontaneous mutations
Answer: c) By creating double-strand breaks at specific locations in DNA
18. What are the two main types of genetic modifications made possible by CRISPR-Cas9?
a) Point mutations and deletions
b) Insertions and deletions
c) Methylation and acetylation
d) Duplication and recombination
Answer: b) Insertions and deletions
19. What is the significance of “genome editing” in CRISPR-Cas9 technology?
a) It involves making changes to an organism’s genetic material.
b) It refers to synthesizing an organism’s genome.
c) It is only used to detect mutations.
d) It is a technique for cloning organisms.
Answer: a) It involves making changes to an organism’s genetic material.
20. What kind of organism was first genetically modified using CRISPR-Cas9?
a) Human cells
b) Mouse embryos
c) Bacteria
d) Plants
Answer: c) Bacteria
21. In what year was CRISPR-Cas9 first discovered as a gene-editing tool?
a) 1985
b) 1995
c) 2012
d) 2000
Answer: c) 2012
22. CRISPR-Cas9 technology can be used to create genetically modified crops with which of the following traits?
a) Increased resistance to drought
b) Higher nutritional value
c) Resistance to pests and diseases
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
23. How does the CRISPR-Cas9 system find its target gene?
a) By recognizing specific RNA sequences
b) By using a protein probe
c) By following a sequence of amino acids
d) By using a complementary guide RNA
Answer: d) By using a complementary guide RNA
24. What are “off-target effects” in the context of CRISPR-Cas9?
a) Unintended mutations in DNA
b) Intended changes to non-coding regions
c) Increased efficiency of gene editing
d) None of the above
Answer: a) Unintended mutations in DNA
25. Which of the following is NOT a challenge faced by CRISPR-Cas9 technology?
a) Ethical concerns
b) Limited precision
c) High cost of implementation
d) Difficulty in designing guide RNA
Answer: c) High cost of implementation
26. How does CRISPR-Cas9 impact gene therapy?
a) It helps repair defective genes in patients.
b) It is used for cloning healthy organs.
c) It inhibits the expression of harmful genes.
d) It deletes all genetic material in cells.
Answer: a) It helps repair defective genes in patients.
27. Which of the following is a concern regarding the ethical use of CRISPR-Cas9?
a) Creating genetically modified crops
b) Editing the human germline
c) Editing non-coding regions of the genome
d) Using CRISPR to create bacterial resistance
Answer: b) Editing the human germline
28. What happens after the Cas9 enzyme cuts the DNA in CRISPR-Cas9?
a) The DNA is repaired by the cell’s natural repair mechanisms.
b) The cell undergoes apoptosis (programmed cell death).
c) The DNA remains damaged permanently.
d) The DNA is copied and synthesized in its original form.
Answer: a) The DNA is repaired by the cell’s natural repair mechanisms.
29. In which of the following areas is CRISPR-Cas9 NOT commonly used?
a) Medicine
b) Agriculture
c) Biotechnology
d) Space exploration
Answer: d) Space exploration
30. What is the role of the guide RNA in CRISPR-Cas9?
a) To repair the DNA after it is cut
b) To direct Cas9 to the correct location in the genome
c) To create mutations in the genome
d) To express the edited gene
Answer: b) To direct Cas9 to the correct location in the genome
