1. What is cell differentiation? a) Division of cells into identical cells
    b) Process where cells become specialized
    c) Cell division for growth
    d) Replication of DNA in cellsAnswer: b) Process where cells become specialized
  2. Which of the following is the main purpose of cell differentiation in multicellular organisms? a) To produce more cells
    b) To create specialized cells for specific functions
    c) To regenerate lost cells
    d) To keep the cells in the same stateAnswer: b) To create specialized cells for specific functions
  3. What is the first step in the process of differentiation? a) Cell growth
    b) Gene expression changes
    c) Mitosis
    d) ApoptosisAnswer: b) Gene expression changes
  4. Which of the following is an example of a differentiated cell type? a) Stem cell
    b) Bone cell
    c) Zygote
    d) GameteAnswer: b) Bone cell
  5. What role do stem cells play in differentiation? a) They divide into identical cells only
    b) They do not participate in differentiation
    c) They are undifferentiated and can differentiate into various cell types
    d) They are specialized for specific functionsAnswer: c) They are undifferentiated and can differentiate into various cell types
  6. Which of the following is a feature of differentiated cells? a) They can undergo mitosis
    b) They are specialized to perform specific functions
    c) They retain the ability to become any type of cell
    d) They are identical to stem cellsAnswer: b) They are specialized to perform specific functions
  7. Which type of stem cells can differentiate into any cell type in the body? a) Adult stem cells
    b) Multipotent stem cells
    c) Embryonic stem cells
    d) Somatic stem cellsAnswer: c) Embryonic stem cells
  8. Which of the following is the result of the process of differentiation? a) Formation of identical cells
    b) Formation of specialized cells with different functions
    c) Cells stop growing
    d) Cell deathAnswer: b) Formation of specialized cells with different functions
  9. In multicellular organisms, which process is responsible for producing a variety of cell types? a) Fertilization
    b) Differentiation
    c) Binary fission
    d) MeiosisAnswer: b) Differentiation
  10. Which gene expression regulator is important in determining cell fate during differentiation? a) mRNA
    b) miRNA
    c) Transcription factors
    d) DNA polymeraseAnswer: c) Transcription factors
  11. Which of the following is NOT a result of cell differentiation? a) Formation of specialized tissues
    b) Creation of different cell types with specific functions
    c) Cells remain in the undifferentiated state
    d) Formation of organsAnswer: c) Cells remain in the undifferentiated state
  12. Which of these is a differentiated cell type found in plants? a) Root cell
    b) Zygote
    c) Embryonic stem cell
    d) Meristematic cellAnswer: a) Root cell
  13. How does differentiation affect cell structure? a) Differentiated cells have identical structures
    b) Differentiated cells have distinct structures based on their functions
    c) Differentiated cells stop changing structure
    d) Differentiation has no effect on cell structureAnswer: b) Differentiated cells have distinct structures based on their functions
  14. What is a characteristic feature of a muscle cell after differentiation? a) Ability to undergo mitosis
    b) Ability to contract
    c) Ability to divide into other cells
    d) Ability to produce hormonesAnswer: b) Ability to contract
  15. What is the role of the homeobox genes in cell differentiation? a) They prevent differentiation
    b) They guide the formation of specific cell types and structures
    c) They inhibit gene expression
    d) They stop cell divisionAnswer: b) They guide the formation of specific cell types and structures
  16. Which of the following is true about stem cells? a) Stem cells are already differentiated
    b) Stem cells can only form one type of cell
    c) Stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types
    d) Stem cells cannot divideAnswer: c) Stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types
  17. Which of the following types of cells is an example of a differentiated cell in animals? a) Red blood cell
    b) Embryonic stem cell
    c) Zygote
    d) Bone marrow cellAnswer: a) Red blood cell
  18. What is the process of creating different cell types from undifferentiated cells called? a) Differentiation
    b) Mitosis
    c) Transcription
    d) Gene expressionAnswer: a) Differentiation
  19. Which type of cell division is involved in producing cells that are capable of differentiation? a) Binary fission
    b) Meiosis
    c) Mitosis
    d) CytokinesisAnswer: c) Mitosis
  20. What is the role of epithelial tissue after differentiation? a) To transport oxygen
    b) To cover and protect body surfaces
    c) To contract and produce movement
    d) To store energyAnswer: b) To cover and protect body surfaces
  21. Which of the following can influence the differentiation process? a) Environmental factors
    b) Genetic factors
    c) Both environmental and genetic factors
    d) Neither environmental nor genetic factorsAnswer: c) Both environmental and genetic factors
  22. Which part of the cell is most directly involved in the process of differentiation? a) Ribosomes
    b) Mitochondria
    c) Nucleus
    d) Golgi apparatusAnswer: c) Nucleus
  23. How does cell differentiation contribute to multicellular organism development? a) By keeping cells identical to each other
    b) By allowing the formation of various tissue types
    c) By preventing growth
    d) By causing uncontrolled cell divisionAnswer: b) By allowing the formation of various tissue types
  24. Which factor regulates the gene expression during differentiation? a) Signal transduction pathways
    b) Cell size
    c) Amount of food available
    d) Number of organellesAnswer: a) Signal transduction pathways
  25. How do transcription factors contribute to differentiation? a) They destroy unnecessary genes
    b) They activate or repress specific genes that determine cell fate
    c) They prevent cell division
    d) They protect cells from damageAnswer: b) They activate or repress specific genes that determine cell fate
  26. Which of the following is an example of a differentiated plant cell? a) Guard cell
    b) Meristematic cell
    c) Zygote
    d) Pollen grainAnswer: a) Guard cell
  27. Which process involves the specialization of cells into specific roles during development? a) Apoptosis
    b) Differentiation
    c) Reproduction
    d) MetabolismAnswer: b) Differentiation
  28. What is the effect of differential gene expression in differentiated cells? a) It leads to identical cell types
    b) It allows cells to perform specific functions
    c) It stops cells from growing
    d) It causes uncontrolled cell divisionAnswer: b) It allows cells to perform specific functions
  29. Which of the following is NOT a differentiated cell in animals? a) Neuron
    b) Muscle cell
    c) Erythrocyte (red blood cell)
    d) Embryonic stem cellAnswer: d) Embryonic stem cell
  30. What happens if cell differentiation is disrupted? a) Cells remain identical
    b) Cells cannot form specialized functions
    c) All cells perform the same function
    d) Differentiation occurs fasterAnswer: b) Cells cannot form specialized functions

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