1. What is a biodiversity hotspot?
    a) A region with low species diversity
    b) A region with high species richness and endemism
    c) A region with abundant human activities
    d) A region with extreme temperatures
    Answer: b
  2. Who proposed the concept of biodiversity hotspots?
    a) Charles Darwin
    b) Norman Myers
    c) Rachel Carson
    d) Alfred Wallace
    Answer: b
  3. How many biodiversity hotspots are recognized globally?
    a) 17
    b) 25
    c) 36
    d) 42
    Answer: c
  4. Which of the following is NOT a criterion for a biodiversity hotspot?
    a) High species diversity
    b) High degree of endemism
    c) Low human impact
    d) Significant habitat loss
    Answer: c
  5. Which of these regions in India is a biodiversity hotspot?
    a) Thar Desert
    b) Indo-Gangetic Plain
    c) Western Ghats
    d) Deccan Plateau
    Answer: c
  6. The Sundarbans are part of which biodiversity hotspot?
    a) Western Ghats
    b) Indo-Burma
    c) Himalayas
    d) Sundaland
    Answer: b
  7. Which biodiversity hotspot in India is known for its cloud forests?
    a) Western Ghats
    b) Indo-Burma
    c) Himalayas
    d) Sundaland
    Answer: c
  8. What percentage of the Earth’s surface do biodiversity hotspots cover?
    a) 5%
    b) 10%
    c) 2.4%
    d) 15%
    Answer: c
  9. Which biodiversity hotspot is home to the lion-tailed macaque?
    a) Himalayas
    b) Indo-Burma
    c) Western Ghats
    d) Sundaland
    Answer: c
  10. Which biodiversity hotspot is shared by India and Sri Lanka?
    a) Sundaland
    b) Western Ghats
    c) Himalayas
    d) Indo-Burma
    Answer: b
  11. Why are biodiversity hotspots important for conservation?
    a) They provide economic resources
    b) They are rich in endemic species
    c) They are completely untouched by humans
    d) They lack genetic diversity
    Answer: b
  12. The Eastern Himalayas are part of which biodiversity hotspot?
    a) Indo-Burma
    b) Western Ghats
    c) Himalayas
    d) Sundaland
    Answer: c
  13. Which organization plays a significant role in conserving biodiversity hotspots?
    a) WHO
    b) WWF
    c) UNDP
    d) NASA
    Answer: b
  14. What is endemism?
    a) Species richness in oceans
    b) Species found in multiple locations
    c) Species unique to a specific geographic area
    d) Extinct species
    Answer: c
  15. Which of the following is an example of an endemic species?
    a) Bengal tiger
    b) Nilgiri Tahr
    c) African elephant
    d) Polar bear
    Answer: b
  16. Which biodiversity hotspot in India has the highest plant diversity?
    a) Himalayas
    b) Indo-Burma
    c) Western Ghats
    d) Sundaland
    Answer: c
  17. The term “megadiverse countries” refers to nations that:
    a) Have a large population
    b) Contain a majority of Earth’s species
    c) Are hotspots of industrial activity
    d) Have high deforestation rates
    Answer: b
  18. Which biodiversity hotspot includes the Nicobar Islands?
    a) Western Ghats
    b) Himalayas
    c) Indo-Burma
    d) Sundaland
    Answer: d
  19. How many biodiversity hotspots are present in India?
    a) 2
    b) 3
    c) 4
    d) 5
    Answer: c
  20. Which of the following species is critically endangered and found in Indian biodiversity hotspots?
    a) Asian elephant
    b) Bengal tiger
    c) Great Indian bustard
    d) Gharial
    Answer: c
  21. What is the primary threat to biodiversity hotspots?
    a) Overpopulation of species
    b) Habitat destruction and fragmentation
    c) Natural disasters
    d) Low reproduction rates of species
    Answer: b
  22. Which conservation approach focuses on protecting whole ecosystems?
    a) Species-based conservation
    b) Ex-situ conservation
    c) Ecosystem-based conservation
    d) Genetic modification
    Answer: c
  23. Which biodiversity hotspot in India is a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
    a) Western Ghats
    b) Indo-Burma
    c) Sundaland
    d) Himalayas
    Answer: a
  24. What is the key goal of biodiversity conservation?
    a) Increase human activities in natural areas
    b) Prevent habitat loss and species extinction
    c) Remove predators from ecosystems
    d) Exploit natural resources sustainably
    Answer: b
  25. Which plant species is endemic to the Western Ghats?
    a) Bamboo
    b) Neelakurinji
    c) Banyan tree
    d) Tulsi
    Answer: b
  26. What percentage of original vegetation must a region lose to qualify as a biodiversity hotspot?
    a) 50%
    b) 70%
    c) 80%
    d) 90%
    Answer: b
  27. Which biodiversity hotspot has the Red Panda?
    a) Western Ghats
    b) Himalayas
    c) Indo-Burma
    d) Sundaland
    Answer: b
  28. Which factor is NOT a direct threat to biodiversity hotspots?
    a) Deforestation
    b) Climate change
    c) Overgrazing
    d) Increased species diversity
    Answer: d
  29. What is the main benefit of preserving biodiversity hotspots?
    a) Increased tourism
    b) Economic development
    c) Ecological balance and sustainability
    d) Urban expansion
    Answer: c
  30. Which act in India focuses on biodiversity conservation?
    a) Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
    b) Forest Conservation Act, 1980
    c) Biodiversity Act, 2002
    d) Environmental Protection Act, 1986
    Answer: c

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