The Golden Temple, Amritsar
Known by its formal name Harmandir Sahib, The Golden Temple is one of the most revered places of worship for the Sikh community in India. Located in the pilgrim town of Amritsar in the State of Punjab, Harmandir Sahib is known for its gilded façade and the exquisite architecture that is one of a kind among all other religious places in India.
Golden Temple History
The land for the site was bought by the Guru Ram Das Sahib on payment from the Zamindars (landlords) of native villages.The foundation stone of the historic building was laid by a non-Sikh. The Guru gave the task of initiating the building to a Muslim Saint Hazrat Mian Mir ji of Lahore in December 1588.The construction work was directly supervised by Guru Arjan Sahib himself and he was assisted by the prominent Sikh personalities like Baba Budha ji, Bhai Gurdas ji, Bhai Sahlo ji and many other devoted Sikhs.
Guru Arjan Dev completed the temple’s construction. He compiled the sacred scripture Adi Granth over a five year period, completing it August 30th, and installing the Granth in the temple on September 1st. He appointed a Sikh named Baba Buddha to be the caretaker of the Granth.
It is here that Akal Takht Sahib (Throne of the Almighty) was revealed by Guru Hargobind Sahib in 1609. Two flags representing temporal and spiritual authority (Sikh sovereignty) have been set up in front of Akal Takht Sahib. Here Guru Hargobind Sahib wore two swords of Miri and Piri that means temporal and transcendental authority.
The most popular legend connected with (Amrit Sarovar) is the story of Rajni, the daughter of Rai Duni Chand. Rajni was an ardent devotee of Guru. One day, her father got some gifts for all the three daughters. While the other two daughters praised the father, Rajni stated that the gifts were actually from God and that her father was only the medium to deliver it. Hearing this, the father got very angry and made her marry a patient of leprosy. From then onwards, Rajni started struggling to sustain herself and her husband.
One day, Rajni placed the basket containing her husband near a pool and went for some work. In the meantime, her husband saw a crow plunging into the water of the pool and coming out transformed into a white bird. Excited over the sight, he too plunged into the water and the miracle transformation occurred. He turned into a handsome young man, with all diseases cured. The couple thanked God and went to their Guru to narrate the happening. It is believed that since then, the tank came to be known as the “Amrit Sarovar” meaning “the pool of nectar”.
Significance of the Golden Temple
The temple building has four entrances instead of the usual single entry. This is symbolic of the openness of Sikhism and indicates that followers of all faiths are allowed inside. The walls within are decorated with carved wooden panels and elaborate inlay work in silver and gold. The Adi Granth, compiled by Guru Arjan Dev, rests on a throne beneath a jewel-encrusted canopy.
The Jubi tree, at the north western corner of the complex was planted some 450 year ago by the temple’s first head priest. The old, tree is believed to have special powers and childless women tie strips of cloth on it to be blessed with sons. Marriage deals are also fixed under the tree, though this practice is disapproved by the temple authorities.
The Darshani Deori (an arch) stands at the shore end of the causeway. The door frame of the arch is about 10ft in height and 8ft 6inches in breath. The door panes are decorated with artistic style. It opens on to the causeway or bridge that leads to the main building of Sri Harmandir Sahib. It is 202 feet in length and 21 feet in width.
More shrines and monuments are dotted around the edge of the compound. Inside the main entrance clock tower, the Sikh Museum shows the persecution suffered by the Sikhs at the hands of Mughals.
Golden Temple Timings
Golden Temple remains open from 3 AM to 10 PM everyday.
At around 2:30 AM there is kirtan recited in the early dawn followed by Asa di War at 3:30 AM which is the sikh prayer.
At 6:45 AM there is reading of hukumnama from the holy Guru Granth Sahibji.
At Sri Akal Takhat, after the Rehras (Evening Scripture) the weapons belonging to Guru Sahib (Sikh Masters) and Martyr Sikhs are displayed at about 8.00 p.m.
The Guru Granth Sahib ji is departed through a palki to Sri Akal Takhat Sahib at 10 PM for the rest.
Rituals performed at Golden Temple
The morning Kirtan begins in the sanctum of the Harimandir Sahib in the early morning with the singing of the lengthy composition Asa di Var, which is interrupted by the arrival of a procession from the Akal Takhat of the Sri Guru Granth Sahib being carried on a palanquin on the shoulders of Sevadars (volunteers).
The holy Granth is then ceremoniously opened and a Hukam (command) is taken by opening the text at random and reading the first composition on the open page. The praises sung in honour of the Gurus by court poets and others, and his first discourse of the day in the shrine.
The Guru Granth Sahib then remains on its throne in the sanctum until the early evening, when it is again taken in procession on a palanquin to the Akal Takhat for its traditional night-time rest.
Rules to follow at Golden Temple
Pilgrims need to follow strict rules while visiting Vellore Golden Temple. People are restricted from:
Wearing outfits like shorts, lungis, middies or Bermudas, Consuming tobacco and chewing gums or liquor. Carrying camera, mobile phones and electronics and any inflammable items. One needs to cover the head with a scarf and taking off the shoes before going there.
Festivals celebrated at the Golden Temple
Baisakhi: Baisakhi celebrations are particularly marked at the Golden Temple or Sri Harimandir Sahib Gurdwara at Amritsar – the most sacred centres for Sikh community. For it was here at the Anandpur Sahib, the famous Golden Temple that the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh laid the foundation of Khalsa Panth on a Baisakhi Day in 1699. Sikhs from around the world strive to visit their revered shrine to participate in the grand Baisakhi celebrations organized here.
Gurupurbs: The birth and deaths of Gurus are celebrated as Gurupurbs. First installation of Sri Guru Granth Sahib in the Golden Temple by Guru Arjan Dev, Birth of Guru Nanak (traditionally celebrated in November), Birth of Guru Gobind Singh, Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev, Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur and Martyrdom of The Sahibzadas (the sons of Guru Gobind Singh) are celebrated with great zeal in Golden Temple.
Sangrand: It marks the beginning of a new month. At the Gurudwara, portions of Bara Maha, Song of the 12 Months are read.
Hola Mohalla: Hola Mohalla falls on the Holi Festival of the Hindus. Military exercises swordsmanship and horse riding like are displayed by Nihang Singhs. Various competitions of Poetry and Music are held to celebrate this day.
How to reach: Road, Rail and Air
By Air: Sri Guru Ram Das International Airport is about 13 km and a 18-20 minutes drive from the city center. Most flights are to Delhi, an hour away, but there are an increasing number of international connections: British Midland International (bmi) flies to London via Almaty, Jet flies to London, Air India flies to Toronto via London and Air Slovakia flies to Bergamo, Barcelona and Birmingham via Bratislava. There are also surprising numbers of flights to Central Asia.
By Rail: Amritsar is well connected by rail with Delhi, Calcutta, Bombay, Varanasi, Wagah (29 Kms,Attari Border) and some other places in India. If you are traveling from Delhi, Shatabdi Express will be the best option. The journey takes around 6 hours and the train passes via Ambala, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Phagwada and Beas. Amritsar is connected with Lahore (Pakistan) by the Samjhauta Express. The railway station in Amritsar is centrally located; of hardly 15-minutes drive from the Golden Temple.
By Road: One can reach Amritsar from most of the northern states in just a day’s time. Pathankot is about two and half hours drive from Amritsar. Grand Trunk Karnal Road connects Delhi to Amritsar. Regular buses are available from Delhi I.S.B.T Delhi to Amritsar. There are daily direct buses operating to Jammu, Katra, Chandigarh, and Dharamshala as well, from the city. Thus, Amritsar is adequately connected by road to both the places within Punjab as well as outside the state.
Where to stay
There are seven Niwas Asthans (inns) which provide lodging facilities for pilgrims, maintained by Sri Harimandir Sahib authorities. The reception counters work round the clock to attend to the devotees. The serai accommodation at Golden Temple is really good. There are many serai near Golden temple . Also they have a NRI serai for foreigners.
Sri Guru Ram Das Niwas
Sri Guru Ram Das Niwas is a free hostel for pilgrims and visitors built by the SPGC. This project was initiated by the Local Gurdwara Prabhandak Committee Amritsar and its foundation stone was laid by Sant Sadhu Singh ji of Patiala on 17th January 1931. There are 228 rooms and 18 large halls. The literature stays that the Niwas supplies free bedding,costs,lights and fans. Stays are mostly restricted to 3 days.
Guru Nanak Niwas
This building comprises the offices of the different departments of SGPC and also lodging facilities for pilgrims.Guru Nanak Niwas contains 68 rooms, 22 of the rooms have bathrooms attached.
Guru Hargobind Niwas
Guru Hargobind Niwas contains 88 rooms with double bed and attached bathrooms,there are also 4 halls with hostel / dormitory style living facilities. Rooms are available from Rs. 50 per day per room.
Guru Arjan Dev Niwas
This building is situated at the entrance to the main sarai area. Guru Arjan Dev Niwas has 19 air conditioned, and 72 non AC rooms. Rooms are available from Rs. 50 per day per room.
Mata Ganga Ji Niwas
This stands exactly opposite to Guru Hargobind Niwas. It also houses Internet Department of SGPC. Mata Ganga Ji Niwas has 103 double bed rooms. In addition there are 14 hostel style halls. Rooms are available from Rs. 50 per day per room.
Akal Rest House
This building is situated behind Guru Arjan Dev Niwas. It contains 49 rooms, out of which 5 rooms with 25 beds for NRIs.
Where to eat
In Amritsar, the Sikh gather in a Golden Temple to serve 100,000 meals every single day of the year in a kitchen that never closes.The langar, or community kitchen, found in this temple is the largest free kitchen on the planet. In the Golden Temple an average of 75,000 devotees or tourists take langar in the Community Kitchen daily; but the number becomes almost double on special occasions. Golden Temple kitchen daily serves 2,000 kilos of flour, 1,500 kilos of rice, 13,000 kilos of lentils, and up to 2,000 kilos of vegetables.
Nearby Temples
Durgiana Temple: Shri Durgiana Temple is one of main pilgrim places in Amritsar. The temple, also called Shree Durgiana Tirath or Sitla Mandir, is situated outside the Lohgarh Gate in Amritsar. Build in 16th century; the temple closely resembles Golden Temple, in style and architecture.The temple complex encloses the seats of Lord Hanuman, Mata Shitla, along with Lakshmi Narain.
Ram Tirath: Shri Ram Tirth Temple , dedicated to Lord Ram is situated 11 kms west of Amritsar on Amritsar Lopoke road. The temple dates back to the period of Ramayana and the place is famous for the ashram of sage Valmiki . It is the place where the sage gave shelter to Sita , wife of Rama when she was abandoned after the Lanka Victory. It is also said that sage Valmiki, the writer of the Ramayana started writing the great Epic here.
Akal Takht: Akal Takht is the primary seat of Sikh religious authority and central altar for Sikh political assembly. It is the highest temporal seat of Sikhism was founded by the Sixth Sikh master Guru Har Gobind Sahib Ji in the year 1609, assisted by Baba Budha Ji and Bhai Gurdas. Guru named it Akal Takhat.
Tarn Taran: The District of Taran Taran is situated in Punjab State of Northwestern India. It is 5059 Sq. Km in area. It is believed that the Sarovar (pond) located in this Gurudwara is the largest among all the Sikh Shrines. Tarn Taran is counted among the most popular Sikh pilgrimage sites in India and thronged by the devotees.
The Golden Temple Amritsar India (Sri Harimandir Sahib Amritsar) is not only a central religious place of the Sikhs, but also a symbol of human brotherhood and equality. Everybody, irrespective of cast, creed or race can seek spiritual solace and religious fulfilment without any hindrance. It also represents the distinct identity, glory and heritage of the Sikhs. To pen-down the philosophy, ideology, the inner and outer beauty, as well as the historical legacy of Sri Harimandir Sahib is a momentous task. It is a matter of experience rather than a of description.
As advised by Sri Guru Amar Dass Ji (3rd Sikh Guru), Sri Guru Ram Dass Ji (4th Sikh Guru) started the digging of Amrit Sarovar (Holy Tank) of Sri Harmandir Sahib in 1577 A.D., which was later on brick-lined by Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji (5th Sikh Guru) on December 15, 1588 and He also started the construction of Sri Harimandir Sahib. Sri Guru Granth Sahib (scripture of the Sikhs), after its compilation, was first installed at Sri Harimandir Sahib on August 16, 1604 A.D. A devout Sikh, Baba Budha Ji was appointed its first Head Priest.
The Golden Temple Amritsar India (Sri Harmandir Sahib Amritsar) has a unique Sikh architecture. Built at a level lower than the surrounding land level, The Gurudwara teaches the lesson of egalitarianism and humility. The four entrances of this holy shrine from all four directions, signify that people belonging to every walk of life are equally welcome.
