1. What does an ecological pyramid represent?
a) Population size
b) Energy, biomass, and numbers
c) Climate changes
d) Distribution of species
Answer: b) Energy, biomass, and numbers
2. Which type of ecological pyramid shows the energy flow in an ecosystem?
a) Pyramid of Numbers
b) Pyramid of Biomass
c) Pyramid of Energy
d) All of the above
Answer: c) Pyramid of Energy
3. Which pyramid represents the total biomass at each trophic level in an ecosystem?
a) Pyramid of Numbers
b) Pyramid of Biomass
c) Pyramid of Energy
d) None of the above
Answer: b) Pyramid of Biomass
4. What does the base of an ecological pyramid represent?
a) Producers
b) Consumers
c) Decomposers
d) Herbivores
Answer: a) Producers
5. In an energy pyramid, the energy available at each trophic level decreases due to:
a) Consumption by producers
b) Energy loss as heat
c) Decomposition
d) All of the above
Answer: b) Energy loss as heat
6. In a pyramid of numbers, what does the width of each level represent?
a) Number of organisms
b) Biomass
c) Energy content
d) Diversity of species
Answer: a) Number of organisms
7. Which of the following is typically true for a pyramid of biomass in an aquatic ecosystem?
a) It is always upright
b) It is always inverted
c) It has no specific shape
d) It is triangular
Answer: b) It is always inverted
8. Which of the following is the primary source of energy in an ecosystem?
a) Herbivores
b) Producers
c) Decomposers
d) Carnivores
Answer: b) Producers
9. Which trophic level has the highest biomass in a typical terrestrial ecosystem?
a) Primary producers
b) Herbivores
c) Primary consumers
d) Secondary consumers
Answer: a) Primary producers
10. In the pyramid of biomass, which of the following is typically smallest?
a) Producers
b) Herbivores
c) Secondary consumers
d) Primary consumers
Answer: c) Secondary consumers
11. Why is the pyramid of energy always upright?
a) Energy is constantly added
b) Energy is lost at each trophic level
c) Energy flows in a cyclic manner
d) There is no energy loss in ecosystems
Answer: b) Energy is lost at each trophic level
12. Which of the following best describes the shape of a pyramid of numbers in a forest ecosystem?
a) Inverted
b) Pyramid-shaped
c) Linear
d) None of the above
Answer: b) Pyramid-shaped
13. The amount of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next is usually about:
a) 100%
b) 10%
c) 50%
d) 20%
Answer: b) 10%
14. Which trophic level contains the least biomass in a typical ecosystem?
a) Primary producers
b) Primary consumers
c) Secondary consumers
d) Tertiary consumers
Answer: d) Tertiary consumers
15. A pyramid of numbers is said to be inverted when:
a) Producers are more than consumers
b) Consumers are more than producers
c) There are fewer producers than consumers
d) There are equal numbers of producers and consumers
Answer: b) Consumers are more than producers
16. In an energy pyramid, the amount of energy available at the producer level is:
a) The least
b) The most
c) Equal to the amount in the consumer levels
d) None of the above
Answer: b) The most
17. In an aquatic ecosystem, what would cause an inverted pyramid of biomass?
a) The large number of phytoplankton
b) The small size of producers like algae
c) The abundance of carnivores
d) The absence of decomposers
Answer: b) The small size of producers like algae
18. The 10% law of energy transfer states that:
a) 90% of energy is transferred to the next trophic level
b) 10% of energy is lost as heat
c) 10% of energy is transferred to the next trophic level
d) 100% of energy is transferred
Answer: c) 10% of energy is transferred to the next trophic level
19. What is the main reason for the decrease in energy as you move up the trophic levels?
a) Decomposition
b) Energy loss as heat
c) Lack of sufficient food
d) Competition between species
Answer: b) Energy loss as heat
20. In a pyramid of energy, the energy at the producer level is:
a) Less than that of consumers
b) Equal to that of consumers
c) Greater than that of consumers
d) None of the above
Answer: c) Greater than that of consumers
21. Which of the following is NOT part of the pyramid of numbers?
a) Primary producers
b) Primary consumers
c) Secondary consumers
d) Energy flux
Answer: d) Energy flux
22. A typical pyramid of numbers in a grassland ecosystem has:
a) More primary consumers than producers
b) More producers than primary consumers
c) More secondary consumers than primary consumers
d) Equal numbers of all trophic levels
Answer: b) More producers than primary consumers
23. What is the primary reason that energy pyramids are upright?
a) Energy is lost as it moves through the system
b) Producers produce more energy than consumers
c) Secondary consumers consume more energy than producers
d) None of the above
Answer: a) Energy is lost as it moves through the system
24. In an energy pyramid, the amount of energy available at the top trophic level is:
a) Higher than at the bottom level
b) Lower than at the bottom level
c) Equal to the amount at the producer level
d) None of the above
Answer: b) Lower than at the bottom level
25. The pyramid of numbers is typically most accurate in:
a) Forest ecosystems
b) Ocean ecosystems
c) Grassland ecosystems
d) Desert ecosystems
Answer: a) Forest ecosystems
26. Which of the following statements about the pyramid of energy is true?
a) It shows the number of organisms at each trophic level
b) It can be inverted in some ecosystems
c) It always follows the 10% rule
d) It is a dynamic measure of biomass
Answer: c) It always follows the 10% rule
27. The pyramid of biomass in a tropical rainforest typically:
a) Is upright
b) Is inverted
c) Has a large amount of decomposers
d) Shows a large amount of energy loss at higher trophic levels
Answer: a) Is upright
28. Which of the following is true for a pyramid of numbers in a tree ecosystem?
a) It is usually upright
b) It is always inverted
c) The number of herbivores is larger than the number of producers
d) The producers are represented by trees
Answer: d) The producers are represented by trees
29. In which of the following does the pyramid of energy shape usually remain the same?
a) All ecosystems
b) Grassland ecosystems
c) Aquatic ecosystems
d) Only in forest ecosystems
Answer: a) All ecosystems
30. Which of the following can cause a change in the shape of a pyramid of numbers?
a) The size of producers
b) The number of consumers
c) The number of decomposers
d) Both a and b
Answer: d) Both a and b
